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This paper characterizes the health impacts in the post-flood year in the United States. The researchers find elevated death risk from floods, primarily due to respiratory diseases, external causes, and specific circulatory diseases.

Single-molecule tracking of bacterial protein ProQ reveals structural determinants of mRNA binding across bacterial growth and stress conditions.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes (T2D) identifies more than 600 T2D-associated loci; integrating physiological trait and single-cell chromatin accessibility data at these loci sheds light on heterogeneity within the T2D phenotype.

Exploring the miniaturization of imaging systems, researchers use inverse-design for broadband meta-optics in the LWIR spectrum. Here, authors achieve a six-fold Strehl ratio improvement in image quality over conventional metalenses using a novel design and computational techniques.

The REX element is associated with long-range enhancer–promoter interactions.

Observations from the JWST MIRI/LRS show the detection of SO₂ spectral features in the 5–12-μm transmission spectrum of the hot, Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b, suggesting that photochemistry is a key process in high-temperature exoplanet atmospheres.

Across five randomized controlled trials, Woodley et al. find that a cooperative online quiz game reduced partisan animosity, improved democracy-related attitudes and was highly enjoyable. Effects persisted for up to four months.

How the brain transforms reward information into actions remains poorly understood. Here, the authors found that reward expectation and sensorimotor signals are more pronounced in the output of the basal ganglia than its input or the cerebellar cortex, implying that the transformation of reward signals into motor signals is not hierarchically organized.

Subpopulations of Streptococcus pyogenes CRISPR mutants with overactive CRISPR–Cas activity wax and wane in response to phage infection pressure, enabling phage evasion without requiring a transient response in any one cell.

JWST observations suggest that both pebbles and planetesimals played an important role in forming the giant exoplanet WASP-121 b beyond the H₂O ice line. They also indicate that strong vertical mixing likely drives the nightside atmospheric chemistry.

Genetic variation in the HLA locus is associated with many traits, including autoimmune diseases. Here, the authors show that HLA genetic variation exerts widespread trans effects on plasma protein expression, aiding interpretation of associations between HLA alleles and immune mediated diseases.

The authors test whether social values have become converged or diverged across national cultures over the last 40 years using a 76-country analysis of the World Values Survey. They show that values have diverged, especially between high-income Western countries and the rest of the world.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies new risk loci for CAC. Functional evidence implicates candidate causal genes as regulators of smooth muscle cell-mediated calcification.

The response to checkpoint immunotherapy within bladder cancer patients is highly variable. Here, the authors use RNA-seq, ATAC-seq and digital spatial profiling of pre- and post-treatment samples from the PURE01 trial to identify subtypes associated with treatment response.

The ecological roles of color are well-studied but environmental factors associated with color variation less so. Here, the authors examine coloration in 1249 squamates, finding that brightness evolution is associated with open habitat and temperature.

This work presents a 7 × 7 crossbar array based on analog perovskite synapses and suggests that ion transport and interfacial barrier changes are more important than filaments with localized ions when constructing neuromorphic AI accelerators.

Chou et al. generate transdifferentiated human neurons from fibroblasts from young or aged individuals and patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Studies of endolysosomes and proteostasis suggest a role for lysosomal quality control in Alzheimer’s disease pathology.

Human pathogenic-like Th17 cells express the chemokine receptor CCR6, but how CCR6, together with other chemokine receptors, modulate Th17 functions is still unclear. Here the authors show that CCR2 is coexpressed with CCR6 on these cells, and specifically mediates transendothelial migration, while CCR6 and other chemokine receptors induce T cell arrest on activated endothelial cells.

Using computational methods to model neural recordings and behavioral data, the authors find that reinforcement learning rules, combined with a standard model of decision-making, can explain a range of experimentally observed phenomena in perceptual learning.

The goals, resources and design of the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) programme are described, and analyses of rare variants detected in the first 53,831 samples provide insights into mutational processes and recent human evolutionary history.

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are a common brain-imaging feature of cerebral small vessel disease. Here, the authors carry out a GWAS and followup analyses for WMH-volume, implicating several variants with potential for risk stratification and drug targeting.

A computational design strategy guided by biophysical principles enables engineering of split protein systems to tune their degree of interfacial destabilization, and thus reconstitution propensity, while preserving stability and catalytic activity.

Cooperative species of extrachromosomal DNAs are coordinately inherited through mitotic co-segregation.

Groups coordinate more effectively when individuals are able to learn from others’ successes. Hawkins et al. use a large-scale collective sensing paradigm to test how individual social inference abilities shape the emergent behaviour of human groups.

The in-tissue architectures of β-amyloid and tau pathology in a postmortem Alzheimer’s disease donor brain are determined, showing fibril heterogeneity is spatially organized by subcellular location and suggesting applications to a broad range of neurodegenerative diseases.

Analysis of more than 95% of each diploid human genome of a four-generation, twenty-eight-member family using five complementary short-read and long-read sequencing technologies provides a truth set to understand the most fundamental processes underlying human genetic variation.

An Earth-mass planet is found to have a white dwarf host—the final evolutionary stage of Sun-like stars. This system suggests that terrestrial planets in Earth-like orbits may avoid being engulfed during the red-giant phases of their host stars.

Using pathway-specific optogenetic inhibition, the authors demonstrate that projections from the mediodorsal thalamus to prefrontal cortex support the maintenance of working memory, while prefrontal–thalamic projections support subsequent choice selection. Thalamo–prefrontal projections have a circuit-specific role in sustaining prefrontal delay-period activity, a neuronal signature required for successful task performance.

Geometry is crucial in spatial reorientation, but the underlying neural mechanisms of spatial reorientation are unclear. Here, the authors show that in a two-context reorientation task, distinct CA1 cells code heading retrieval and context recognition during reorientation.

Cooperation is not merely a dyadic phenomenon, it also includes multi-way social interactions. A mathematical framework is developed to study how the structure of higher-order interactions influences cooperative behavior.

Post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (PI-ME/CFS) is a disabling disorder, yet the clinical phenotype is poorly defined and the pathophysiology unknown. Here, the authors conduct deep phenotyping of a cohort of PI-ME/CFS patients.

Glycopeptide identification by mass spectrometry is a complex problem. Here, the authors introduce a retention time model to resolve adduction, fragmentation models to improve identification rates, and glycosite-specific biosynthesis models to identify more spectra at the same confidence level.

Nr2fs are conserved transcription factors that regulate atrial chamber and venous development. Here, the authors use adult zebrafish nr2f1a mutants to investigate compensatory remodeling of the inflow tract and hypotheses of cardiac evolution.

Bagley et al. conduct a phase 1 trial to study safety and tolerability of CAR T-EGFRvIII cells administered concomitantly with PD-1 inhibition via pembrolizumab in patients with glioblastoma and show tolerability, but without signs of efficacy.

Xu and colleagues show that the transcription factor Hand2 promotes pdgfra expression during early cardiogenesis and that it can do so independently of direct DNA binding by interacting with Tcf3.

The authors associate a novel genomic risk score with a broad set of psychiatric symptoms in children. They trace the impact of associated genes on cerebellar developmental processes that originate in fetal life and endure through early adolescence.

How regional anatomy shapes function is not well understood. Here, the authors evaluate the performance of 40 communication models in predicting functional connectivity, and find regional heterogeneity in terms of fit and optimal model, and that regional coupling varies over the human lifespan.

Genome-wide association analyses comprising 14,256 cases and 1,199,156 controls and incorporating correlated cardiac magnetic resonance imaging traits provide insights into the molecular etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy.

High-density information storage calls for the development of modern electronics with multiple stacking architectures that increase the complexity of three-dimensional interconnectivity. Here, Wu et al. build a stacked yet flexible artificial synapse network using layer-by-layer solution processing.

Macrophages are pleiotropic and can have different functions and phenotypes. Here the authors show that a population of macrophages, previously described as pro-fibrotic, can be induced through Notch2 blockade and that in a mouse lung injury and fibrosis model this macrophage population does not promote inflammation or fibrosis.

Extrachromosomal DNA makes cancerous tumours resistant to treatment, but this research demonstrates that increasing transcription–replication conflict allows for targeted elimination of cancer cells containing extrachromosomal DNA, and thus sustained tumour regression in mice.

As a material's thickness decreases towards the atomic-scale, dimensional confinement may promote behaviour not found in the bulk, with potential technological applications. Here, the authors study superconductivity in TaS₂as it is mechanically exfoliated towards the two-dimensional limit.

Genomic landscape studies of malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs) that occur in children, adolescents and young adults are limited. Here the authors perform multi-omics profiling of different types of GCTs across the age spectrum from 0–24 years and show that WNT signalling pathway is activated in GCTs and is associated with poor clinical outcomes.

The dopamine projection from midbrain dopamine cells to the nucleus accumbens is essential for normal motivation, yet motivation-related changes in nucleus accumbens dopamine release occur independently of dopamine cell firing.