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The flammability of the Li electrode impedes its safe application in a battery. Here, the authors develop a layered Li electrode design to eliminate corrosion between Li metal and fire retardant, and smart release fire retardant against Li combustion during heating conditions, enabling a safe Li metal battery.

A link between the oral microbiome and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has previously been reported but whether it has a causal role is unclear. Here, the authors identify oral Veillonella-derived valeric acid as having a tumour suppressive function in ESCC via interaction with the elongation translational factor, eEF1A1.

The study presents NMR-Solver, an automated framework that determines small-molecule structures from NMR spectra by combining large-scale spectral matching with physics-guided optimization, enabling accurate and interpretable structure elucidation.

Nanostructure fragility limits applications. The authors develop a tribochemical surface reconstruction strategy to build single-crystal nanostructures on sapphire, which retain bulk-level wear resistance and improve triboelectric device performance.

A post-functionalised MOF with crown ether motifs achieves rapid, selective capture of radioactive radium from high-activity nuclear waste via a synergistic multi-site binding mechanism, significantly outperforming commercial sorbents.

Inborn errors of cell death (IECD) with autoinflammatory manifestations could be induced by excessive T cell death. Here the authors characterize IECD patients with autoinflammatory manifestations who possess overactive RIPK1 variants which promote T cell death, secretion of TNF and IFN-γ along with activation of monocytes and macrophages which promotes further autoinflammation.

Water-floating nanotransfer printing (WF-nTP) is proposed for transferring nanostructures onto three-dimensional substrates. Using WFnTP, an Au SERS nanomesh for pesticide detection on plants and a Pd-based hydrogen gas sensor are demonstrated.

Authors develop a machine learning model using routine blood tests that identify people at higher risk of complications from high myopia. Their results support opportunistic screening during health checks to enable earlier referral.

Sunlight triggers ammonium chloride in aerosols to produce Cl₂ gas, explaining 12-55% of daytime levels. This chlorine source, boosted by black carbon, impacts atmospheric oxidation.

Maternal obesity is known to cause systemic lipid dysregulation, yet its effect on lipid reprogramming during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) remains unknown. Here, they show that obesity disrupts very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) storage in oocytes, impairing peroxisomal protein import in 2-cell embryos.

Mechanical computing is promising for environment-adaptive information processing, however existing methods have limited scalability. Here the authors report a polyaniline composite film enabling scalable logical operations.

3Snet-CLID integrates signal-preserving deep learning denoising with direct Richardson–Lucy deconvolution to achieve over 5-fold resolution improvement on standard microscopes, enabling artifact-free nanoscale imaging of live-cell organelles and structures.

High entropy spinel oxides host multiple metals in one crystal structure with tunable catalytic properties, but controlling coordination site occupancy of metal cations is difficult. Here, the authors exploit site preference energy differences to direct metal occupancy, boosting conductivity and oxygen evolution activity.

Breaking down durable polyolefins into reusable building blocks remains difficult. A tailored liquid alloy catalyst converts real waste into light olefins with high yield and stability, even under solar-powered operation.

Accumulation of senescent retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is associated with retinal aging and disease. Here, authors identify Bst2 as a membrane-localized marker upregulated in senescent RPE cells and develop an antibody-pluggable drug delivery platform targeting Bst2-expressing cells for targeted senotherapy.

Most kiwifruit species are vulnerable to high levels of heat stress. Here, the authors report natural variation at the GATA transcription factor binding site of EGY3 gene mediates chloroplastic ROS homeostasis to confer kiwifruit thermotolerance.

A genome-wide association study in rice identifies variation in SBRR1 associated with sheath blight resistance. Introducing the SBRR1-R allele into a commercial rice variety reduces yield loss under severe exposure to sheath blight disease.

Environmental persistence of organofluorines, stemming from the high bond energy of C–F bonds and resultant chemical inertness, poses substantial environmental safety concerns. Here, the authors reclaim valuable hydrocarbons from fluorinated compounds, including aryl fluorides, alkyl fluorides, and perfluoroalkyl substances, by developing a mechanochemical hydrodefluorination strategy.

Pyomelanin is resistant to UV light, and has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, however, the yield of pyomelanin isolated from natural producers is low. Here the authors engineer Komagataella phaffii to produce 70.5 g/L and isolate the product.

Developing robust anode catalysts that can operate at industrial-level current densities is essential for efficient hydrogen production. Here, the authors report a mesoporous ruthenium–titanium oxide solid solution with an engineered three-phase reaction interface for stable water electrolysis.

Clarifying how different acid sites function in zeolite catalysts is essential yet difficult due to their overlapping roles. This study uncovers distinct reaction pathways and a key trade-off that governs ethylene formation from ethanol.

This study shows how the anti-cancer drug Actinomycin D blocks RNA polymerase II transcription and reveals why it preferentially targets CTG and CAG repeats, thereby providing a basis for modifying ACTD to target DNA repeat-associated disorders.

MicroRNAs are promising disease biomarkers, yet accurately measuring them remains challenging. Here, the authors develop SE-SPTM-PCR, a method which improves sensitivity 100-fold and eliminates false signals, showing improved diagnostic performances for cancer and viral reactivation.

Euglenophytes evolved via secondary endosymbiosis, exemplifying plastid evolution. Here, the authors solve Euglena gracilis’ photosystem I structure, revealing specific protein organizations and structural features for far-red light absorption. This work informs the engineering of photosystem.

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by impaired neuromuscular transmission. Its genetic background remains unclear, particularly beyond specific subtypes reported in European populations. Here the authors perform a genome-wide association study covering all disease subtypes in a Japanese cohort.

The cyclic five-membered disulfide 1,2-dithiolane holds promise as a recognition unit in probe design and drug development, but potential limitations in activation specificity, such as the diminished selectivity toward thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), raise concerns about its reliability in biological settings. Here, the authors systematically evaluate the activation behaviour of 1,2-dithiolane by synthesizing a panel of prodrugs and fluorescent probes incorporating either amine- or hydroxyl-linked cargoes, and show that TrxR-mediated selective activation of the 1,2-dithiolane unit is achievable when the cargo is incorporated within an amine-based framework.

Alternative splicing may help explain genetic risk for joint diseases. Here, the authors generate cartilage and synovium sQTL maps, revealing tissue‑specific splicing variants and pinpointing effector genes for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and height

Pangenome analyses of 28 representative Gossypium hirsutum accessions, including a telomere-to-telomere genome for NDM13, and transcriptomic profiling across 15 tissues highlight structural variations associated with breeding traits.

Standard of care CD19-targeting CAR-T therapy for Relapsed-Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (r/r DLBCL) faces frequent resistance often driven by regulatory T cell (Treg) activation. This study identifies Timosaponin AIII (TAIII) as A2AR inhibitor for enhanced CAR-T activity while depleting CAR-Treg formation.

The authors reveal how two insect-selective animal peptide toxins engage distinct sites on an insect sodium channel to disrupt fast inactivation and leverage these structural insights to AI-design a more potent toxin for biopesticide development.

Periodontitis treatment is challenged by senescent stem cells in the periodontal niche. Here, authors develop a multifunctional hydrogel that alleviates hypoxia and stem cell aging, and restores microbial balance to accelerate regeneration.

Induction of hypothermia during hibernation/torpor enables certain mammals to survive under extreme conditions. Here, the authors show that the natural product P57 induces hypothermia by targeting pyridoxal kinase and has a potential application in therapeutic hypothermia.

Oncolytic viruses are an approved therapeutic approach for glioblastoma, but, unfortunately, they are efficacious only in some patients. Here, the authors discover that LRRK2 inhibitors enhance viral infection and oncolysis by oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) in glioblastoma.

Designing polymer membranes with high gas separation and structural robustness is challenging. Here the authors use a microzone interfacial polymerization strategy, forming a heterogeneous crumpled membrane, for effective CO2/N2 separation.

Cultivated banana is threatened by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (TR4). In this study, the authors assemble the genome of Musa cheesmanii, a wild banana species that is highly resistant to TR4, and use it in crossbreeding with two cultivars to enhance disease resistance.

Amur grape (Vitis amurensis) is a hardy vine known for its resilience in cold climates. Here, the authors construct a phased graph-based pangenome based on the eight haplotype-resolved genomes and reveal the association of transposable elements-linked variants with climate adaptation.

Formate dehydrogenases (FDH) offer a route for carbon fixation but are limited by interfacial-intramolecular electron transfer (IIET) and oxygen sensitivity. Here the authors mine an FDH from S. oneidensis MR-1 featuring oxygen compatibility and direct-electron-transfer electrocatalytic performances.

Electrocatalytic oxidation of fatty alcohols in aqueous media is limited by mass transport due to their low solubility. Here, the authors propose ligand engineering to create hydrophobic microenvironments in Nickel MOFs, enabling efficient oxidation to fatty acids by enriching reactants.

While atomic disorder normally promotes glassy states, in some rare cases long-range magnetic order can persist. However, the mechanism, and microscopic characters, remain elusive. Here, Shen et al combine neutron diffraction and resonant X-ray scattering to shed light on the formation of long-range magnetic order in a high-entropy honeycomb van der Waals magnet.

Electronic chirality is a fascinating but still poorly understood phenomenon. Here, the authors show that CuPc molecules on bilayer graphene exhibit electronic chirality driven by twisted π–π interactions, which can be reversibly switched using an STM tip.

Immune imprinting narrows the vaccine recall response towards dominant epitopes but protection against rapidly evolving viruses is enhanced if the breadth of responses is preserved. Here authors show in a ferret model that introducing optimized antigenic variation between prime and boost vaccines diversify the targeted epitopes and thus broadens immunity in a ferret model of influenza vaccination.

Novel treatments are needed for type 2 diabetes mellitus which target insulin resistance, lipid metabolism dysregulation, and gut microbiome dysbiosis. Here the authors engineered a probiotic to tolerate oxidative stress, an alleviate type 2 diabetes in mice by activating host metabolic pathways.

Stretchable liquid-metal electronics is limited by high surface tension, fluidity, and poor wettability. Here, Lee et. al. presents a universal cryogenic transfer method for liquid metal particles, enabling high-throughput fabrication of wafer-scale stretchable integrated electronics with robust electrical performance.

Yang, Zeng et al. investigate associations between maternal metabolic profiles during early pregnancy and offspring development using untargeted metabolomics in the Shanghai Birth Cohort. Several metabolites are associated with offspring birth weight and cognitive development in childhood and reflect sex-specific patterns.

Bimerons are magnetic solitons that are topologically equivalent to skyrmions in in-plane magnetized systems. This study demonstrates the room-temperature creation of bimerons in Co₈Zn₈Mn₄ via femtosecond laser pulse excitation, revealing dynamic topological control and morphological transitions of these solitons.

In the nonpivotal stage 1 of the randomized phase 3 PRESERVE-003 trial, patients with immunochemotherapy-resistant metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer without actionable genomic alterations treated with the next-generation, pH-sensitive anti-CTLA-4 agent gotistobart had encouraging overall survival outcomes compared to docetaxel.

SnRK1β1A in rice promotes susceptibility to multiple fungal diseases, and disrupting this infection-inducible gene confers broad-spectrum resistance without compromising growth or yield under normal field conditions.