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Laser cooling is a powerful technique that enables precision measurements and quantum control, yet its implementation in molecules remains challenging due to their complex structures. Here, the authors apply 2D transverse laser cooling to a focused beam of cold barium monofluoride (138Ba19F) molecules to significantly increase beam brightness.

We design and demonstrate a variety of integrated-photonics-based polarization-gradient-cooling systems, culminating in the first experimental demonstration of trapped-ion polarization-gradient cooling using integrated photonics, facilitating new capabilities for integrated-photonics-based trapped-ion platforms.

Radiative cooling is an emerging technology for cooling with reduced energy consumption. Here the authors present photoluminescent composites that combine subambient cooling with aesthetic colour, hydrophobicity and durability.

A time-dependent study of the effective temperature of carriers in impurity-free graphene now indicates that a disorder-assisted mechanism is responsible for cooling hot electrons. Observation of this so-called supercollision contradicts the idea that electron–phonon interactions dominate cooling.

Sea-ice expansion around Antarctica, and related surface cooling, is shown to be linked to natural long-term variability of Southern Ocean convection. Model simulations reproduce the observed trends, if they start from an active phase of convection.

Real-time quantum feedback control can be used to cool quantum systems to their motional ground states, but this has been so far achieved via classical probe fields. Here the authors report feedback cooling of a mechanical oscillator using a squeezed field, reporting higher cooling rate over classical light.

Global-scale analyses of marine, terrestrial and freshwater assemblages found that temporal rates of species replacement were faster in locations with faster temperature change, including warming and cooling, and vulnerable assemblages were especially responsive.

Antimatter remains an enigma – its absence in the universe is hitherto unexplained. Here, the authors report a breakthrough in the ability to study antihydrogen atoms to test fundamental symmetries. Antihydrogen atoms can now be accumulated at CERN at the previously unattainable rate of 2000 per hour.

Organ banking via vitrification could transform transplantation but has never been achieved at human organ scales. Here, the authors demonstrated successful vitrification in ≤ 3L CPA volumes and ~<1L porcine liver with successfully rewarming ≤ 2L CPA volumes using nanowarming.

A 700-year-long flood of glacial meltwater, ice and sediment from the Mackenzie River preceded the freshening of the Beaufort Sea prior to the Younger Dryas climate event, according to sediment analyses.

The role Tibetan Plateau uplift played in Asian inland aridification remains unclear due to a paucity of accurately dated records. Here, the authors present a continuous aeolian sequence for the period >51–39 Ma, analysis of which indicates that aridification was driven by global climatic forcing rather than uplift.

Radiative sky cooling passively rejects heat from a surface out into space via an atmospheric transparency window, enabling sub-ambient cooling. Goldstein et al. exploit this to show daytime cooling of water by up to 5 ^∘C below ambient temperature, equivalent to a heat rejection flux of 70 Wm⁻².

It takes extreme sensitivity to measure the elementary excitations in liquid helium-4. An optomechanical cavity with a thin film of superfluid inside can be used to both observe and control phonons in real time.

A cavity-array microscope is realized using intra-cavity lenses to create a two-dimensional array of over 40 modes, each coupled to a single atom in free-space.

The nature of the defects in amorphous materials, analogous to vacancies and dislocations in crystals, remains a matter of debate. Scalliet et al. show that localized and extended defects coexist in a wide range of conditions, yet are associated with distinct energy scales in a prototypical glass model.

This study examines long-term changes in species richness across tropical forests in the Andes and Amazon. Hotter, drier and more seasonal forests in the eastern and southern Amazon are losing species, while Northern Andean forests are accumulating species, acting as a refuge for climate-displaced species.

The efficiency of lead-halide perovskite photovoltaics is related to the tolerance of their band-edge charge-carriers to point defects. Here, the authors show that this tolerance can be extended to hot carriers depending on the defect energy level.

A strong positive correlation between the warm and hot phases of extended filaments in massive galaxies within cooling-flow clusters supports theoretical models of active galactic nucleus feedback as the origin of these multiphase structures.

The successful laser cooling of trapped antihydrogen, the antimatter atom formed by an antiproton and a positron (anti-electron), is reported.

Based on reconstructions of sea surface temperature and salinity, the authors find that surface freshening did not always trigger cooling during a millennial climate event on the Iberian Margin.

Realizing the potential of dipolar molecular gases to explore quantum physics needs elastic, tunable interactions and low temperatures. This is now possible due to advances in control that suppress molecular losses and enable efficient cooling.

The origins of alpine plant diversity are unclear. Here, the authors provide a time-calibrated molecular phylogenetic tree for Saxifraga, a diverse alpine plant clade, and show that upslope biome shifts into the alpine zone occurred more often than dispersal between alpine regions.

Measurements of the rovibronic structure of radium monofluoride molecules allow the identification of a laser cooling scheme. This will enable precise tests of fundamental physics, such as searches for parity or time-reversal symmetry violation.

Cooling atoms and ions to the quantum ground state is generally achieved by resonantly coupling their mechanical motion to an electromagnetic wave. Here the authors report self-induced cooling based on sub-nanometre confinement with an electron beam, rather than an electromagnetic resonance.

Cooling electrons into the microkelvin temperature range is of interest both for practical purposes and fundamental studies, but current demonstrations are limited to small, specific devices. Here, the authors achieve sub-millikelvin temperatures in a large-area, two-dimensional electron gas.

Despite recent advances with trappedion-based platforms, achieving quantum networks with link efficiency greater than unity on metropolitan scales is still a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a multiplexed quantum network generating heralded entanglement at a rate faster than local decoherence.

A nine-year transit-timing campaign has measured the extremely low masses and densities of four large planets orbiting the young star V1298 Tau, which are now predicted to contract and form a typical compact super-Earth and sub-Neptune system.

Current muon beams have a phase-space volume that is too large for applications in muon colliders. Now, the reduction in the beam’s transverse emittance when passed through different absorbers in ionization cooling experiments is quantified.

Bioenergy crops has been proposed as a climate mitigation measure, but how the biophysical effects of large-scale cultivation would influence the climate is not well known. Here, the authors use models to show that large-scale cultivation could cool the global land by 0.03 to 0.08 °C.

An Atlantic meridional overturning circulation slowdown drives widespread shifts in tropical rainfall through the propagation of high-latitude cooling into the tropical North Atlantic.

Removing excess energy (cooling) and reducing noise in superconducting quantum circuits is central to improved coherence. Lucas et al. demonstrate cooling of a superconducting resonator and its noisy environment to sub-mK temperatures by immersion in liquid ³He.

To efficiently unlock the cooling power of sweat for human body remains a great challenge for next-generation textiles. Here the authors report an integrated cooling (i-Cool) textile showing high evaporation ability and sweat evaporation cooling efficiency for personal perspiration management.

Ionization cooling, a technique that delivers high-brightness muon beams for the study of phenomena at energy scales beyond those of the Large Hadron Collider, is demonstrated by the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment.

Concerns on climate change include the risk of abrupt cooling in the North Atlantic. Here, the authors analyse CMIP5 projections and show that a convection collapse in the subpolar gyre can cool this region by up to 3°C in 10 years, which is as likely to occur by 2100 as a continuous warming.

The textile industry is one of the largest polluters. Here the authors show that polyethylene is a sustainable alternative textile with water wicking and fast-drying performance. The fabrication of polyethylene fabrics is compatible with standard equipment and could be dry-coloured, further reducing water consumption.

Early emission from gamma-ray burst GRB 211211A comes entirely from charged particles accelerating in strong magnetic fields. The fast-evolving spectrum may be the key to understanding unusually long-lived GRBs from neutron star mergers.

Positrons are key to the production of cold antihydrogen. Here the authors report the sympathetic cooling of positrons by interacting them with laser-cooled Be⁺ ions resulting in a three-fold reduction of the temperature of positrons for antihydrogen synthesis.

Rocky planets dominated by intrusive magmatism can cool more efficiently than those dominated by extrusive volcanism, according to numerical simulations of mantle convection.

The radiative effect of desert dust depends in part on its size. An integrative analysis of observed and modelled dust size and abundance reveals that atmospheric dust is coarser, and less cooling, than previously thought.

Massive star clusters have been suggested to contribute to the acceleration and transport of cosmic rays in our Galaxy. Here, the authors present the detection of a cosmic-ray loaded outflow from the prominent massive star cluster Westerlund 1.

The early stages of a lensed supernova at redshift 3 are found in images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, with observations beginning from around 5.8 hours after the explosion.