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Glucose deprivation triggers the secretion of the cytokine LIF, which promotes angiogenesis and immune suppression in lung cancer models.

How landscapes are arranged affects soil pathogenic fungi worldwide. The authors reveal the global pattern and pronounced scale-dependency of landscape complexity and land-cover quantity on soil pathogenic fungal diversity.

A multi-institute, multi-platform initiative generates standard metrics and best practices for spatial transcriptomics analysis.

Qu, Razmara et al. show that Gli1+ fetal cells give rise to long-lived cartilage progenitors in the long bones. While normally dormant until postnatally, they expand upon (and compensate for) growth perturbations, arising from external Pdgfra+ cells.

Serotonin produced by neuronal and non-neuronal cells has important roles in metabolism and behavior. Here, authors show that serotonin interprets different bacterial diets to guide context-dependent behaviors in C. elegans.

Analysis of soundscape data from 139 globally distributed sites reveals that sounds of biological origin exhibit predictable rhythms depending on location and season, whereas sounds of anthropogenic origin are less predictable. Comparisons between paired urban–rural sites show that urban green spaces are noisier and dominated by sounds of technological origin.

In this work, authors study a molecular signature in STING protein that is critical for distinguishing activation from inhibition and demonstrates therapeutic potential in correcting STING-related mutations in autoimmune conditions like STING-Associated Vasculopathy with onset in Infancy (SAVI).

Integrated single-cell transcriptomic and genetic characterization of 121 adult glioblastomas identifies heterogeneity at cell type, cell state and baseline expression program levels associated with specific mutations that form three stereotypical ecosystems.

Comparison of paired primary and recurrent glioblastomas at the single-cell transcriptomic level describes molecular and cellular trajectories associated with tumor recurrence, highlighting extensive heterogeneity and microenvironmental co-evolution.

From metagenomics of Aedes mosquitoes from four continents, the authors analyse the mechanism by which insect-specific viruses affect mosquito vector competence to transmit dengue virus to humans.

Genome-wide analysis of self-reported dyslexia identifies 42 associated loci, including 27 not previously associated with cognitive traits. Dyslexia shows genetic correlation with ambidexterity but not neuroanatomical measures of language-related circuitry.

Legal cases to force governments to reduce emissions or to pursue compensation for climate change-related losses are increasing. The scientific evidence used in such cases is found to be lagging behind state-of-the-art climate science; using up-to-date methodologies could improve causation claims.

Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.

Aircraft observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide and monoxide concentrations in Brazil show higher carbon emissions in eastern Amazonia than in the western part, which are linked to increased ecosystem stress and fire occurrence.

Cortex morphology varies with age, cognitive function, and in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Here the authors report 160 genome-wide significant associations with thickness, surface area and volume of the total cortex and 34 cortical regions from a GWAS meta-analysis in 22,824 adults.

Diadenosine polyphosphates (ApAs) are involved in cellular stress signaling but only a few molecular targets have been characterized so far. Here, the authors develop Ap_nA-based photoaffinity-labeling probes and use them to identify Ap₃A and Ap₄A binding proteins in human cell lysates.

Genome-wide association analyses of intracranial and nine subcortical brain volumes in 74,898 participants of European ancestry identify 254 independent loci and yield polygenic scores accounting for brain variation across ancestries.

Comparison of the carbon balance during 2010–2018 with 2019 and 2020 shows that a decline in law enforcement may have led to an increase in Amazon forest carbon emissions.

The extraembryonic yolk sac is a major location for developmental hematopoiesis, but it is unclear whether non-bone marrow sources contribute during adulthood. Here they show that embryonically derived endothelial-macrophage progenitor cells located in the aorta are a bipotent source of macrophage and endothelial cells later in life.

Genome-wide analysis identifies variants associated with the volume of seven different subcortical brain regions defined by magnetic resonance imaging. Implicated genes are involved in neurodevelopmental and synaptic signaling pathways.

Using a globally distributed standardized aerial sampling of fungal spores, we show that the hyperdiverse kingdom of fungi follows globally highly predictable spatial and temporal dynamics, with seasonality in both species richness and community composition increasing with latitude.

Thomas Sander and colleagues identify 15q13.3 microdeletions in 1% of individuals with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). The majority of these individuals do not show intellectual disability, schizophrenia or other neuropsychiatric phenotypes, thus extending the phenotypic spectrum associated with 15q13.3 microdeletions.

Rational design was used to develop a suite of red-shifted, bioconjugatable heptamethine cyanine dyes for multiplexed in vivo imaging in the shortwave-infrared/near-infrared-II region.

The genomic landscape of hereditary SDHB-mutant pheochromocytomas (PC) and paragangliomas (PG) remains to be explored. Here, the authors perform multiomic analysis on 94 tumours from 79 patients and identify the molecular features of metastatic disease and treatment response.

Spider silk fibre is known to be composed of arrangements of structural domains. Here, the authors implement multiple atomic force microscopy modes to study the nanoscale morphology and mechanics of these fibres from nine spiders, and relate them to their molecular structures.

Familial cortical myoclonic tremor (FAME) has so far been mapped to regions on chromosome 2, 3, 5 and 8 and pentameric repeat expansions in SAMD12 were identified as cause of FAME1. Here, Corbett et al. identify ATTTT/ATTTC repeat expansions in intron 1 of STARD7 in individuals with FAME2.”

Distinguishing self from non-self is a vital function for immune systems to repel invaders without inducing autoimmunity. One system, which protects bacteria and archaea from invasion by phage and plasmid DNA, involves clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) loci. Here, in Staphylococcus epidermidis, the mechanism of CRISPR self/non-self discrimination is defined.

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PCPG) are rare neuroendocrine tumours. Here, the authors use single-nuclei and bulk-tissue RNA-seq to characterise PCPG tumours and their microenvironments and reveal molecular subtypes as well as expression patterns associated with metastasis.

Genomic analyses of large population-based cohorts uncover the genetic determinants of perivascular space burden, an MRI marker of cerebral small vessel disease, across the lifespan, and reveal potential pathways implicated in the etiology of stroke and dementia.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Bernhard et al. reveal the architecture of the tetrameric Trypanosoma brucei nuclear cap-binding complex. Using cryo-electron microscopy and biochemical assays, the researchers characterize its binding to the 5’-cap of the spliced-leader RNA.

Health effects of dietary restriction are uncoupled from longevity.

Using a battery of statistical tools, Alagöz et al. examine the genetic overlap between dyslexia and rhythm impairment and shed light on how the genome influences the neural bases of human language and musicality.

Garofano et al. use single-cell RNA-sequencing data to classify glioblastomas along a metabolic axis of mitochondrial and glycolytic/plurimetabolic states and a neurodevelopmental axis of proliferative/progenitor and neuronal states.

Cleft lip and palate is a common birth defect thought to involve both genetic and environmental components in its etiology. Here they identify a mechanism involving inflammation and E-cadherin mutations that reduces neural crest migration, leading to craniofacial defects.

The determination of Jupiter’s even gravitational moments by the Juno spacecraft reveals that more than three thousand kilometres below the cloud tops, differential rotation is suppressed and the gas giant’s interior rotates as a solid body.

Precise Doppler tracking of the Juno spacecraft in its polar orbit around Jupiter is used to determine the planet’s gravity harmonics, showing north–south asymmetry caused by atmospheric and interior flows.

A deep learning and data-driven modelling study finds that microbial carbon use efficiency is a major determinant of soil organic carbon storage and its spatial variation across the globe.

Most studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have focused on neuronal mechanisms. Here, the authors describe vascular impairments in a mouse model of 16p11.2 deletion syndrome using physiological and genetic approaches to examine endothelial-dependent phenotypes.