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Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

SCOPE-DTI introduces a large semi-inductive DTI dataset and optimized deep learning framework for drug-target interaction prediction. It integrates 3D structural modeling and bilinear attention, with experimental validation of drug targets and open access tools for broad research use.

Chromosome-scale genome assemblies of triploid Cavendish and Gros Michel reveal the banana cultivars’ origins, disease resistance and fruit ripening mechanism.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Low-smoke fuels used for residential heating emit greater numbers of hazardous ultrafine particles, and therefore contribute more to particle deposition in the lungs, than other fuel combinations, highlighting the need to revise air quality standards to address these health risks.

Metalenses face both remarkable opportunities and challenges as they evolve from laboratory prototypes to practical devices. This Review highlights how advances in advanced materials, scalable manufacturing and academic–industrial synergy can transform these challenges into opportunities for the widespread implementation of metalens technologies.

The balance of neural stem cell quiescence and proliferation is key for development and homeostasis, though how this balance is regulated is not fully understood. Here they show that SUMOylation of Wts, a core Hippo pathway kinase, results in its inactivation and induces NSC reactivation in Drosophila.

PMAK integrates pre-trained enzyme and reaction representations with residue-aware attention to improve kcat prediction, demonstrating robust generalization under warm- and cold-start settings and highlighting the value of full reaction context for unseen enzymes.

In this work, authors show that while previous Drug-Target Interaction prediction studies attribute biased predictions to drug bias, they reveal target prior bias as the key issue arising from imbalanced training data. They develop TAPB which is a debiasing framework that mitigates target prior bias via causal debiasing, achieving stronger generalization and interpretability.

Drug exposure during pregnancy lacks sufficient fetal safety information world-widely. Here, the authors report the establishment a multi-center birth cohort to explore the correlation of maternal drug exposure during pregnancy with pregnancy outcomes.

Papaya is a trioecious species with XX females, XY males, and XY^h hermaphrodites, and the combination of Y and Y^h chromosomes is lethal. Here, the authors identify the degeneration of the YY lethality gene on the Y chromosome as the causal balancing lethal factor that reenforces dioecy and stabilizes balanced sex ratios.

Kai and colleagues found that at least 63% of imported plastic waste needed to be recycled for economic viability in 22 top importing countries during 2013–2022, exceeding the average domestic recycling rate of 23%.

Lee et al. show that Ca²⁺ triggers condensates enriched with PDIA6, an ER-resident disulfide isomerase and chaperone, along with other protein disulfide isomerase family proteins and some chaperones that in turn enhance folding of proinsulin.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Genotype and exome sequencing of 150,000 participants and whole-genome sequencing of 9,950 selected individuals recruited into the Mexico City Prospective Study constitute a valuable, publicly available resource of non-European sequencing data.

Zhang et al. investigate how the large body of publicly available images from the biomedical domain can be used to generate a new medical visual question-answering dataset. Along with the resulting benchmark dataset, the authors propose a novel visual-language model and compare its performance against existing approaches.

The authors report the large low-field-driven electrocaloric effect in the novel organic-inorganic hybrid TMCM-CdCl₃, underlyingly from the disordering of organic cations and the low-symmetry interaction induced two-step meta-electric transition.

Spatial planning and policy could guide China’s livestock sector towards reducing human exposure to ammonia—provided that 5–10 billion animals are relocated across the region.

The academic community has looked at how artificial-intelligence tools help researchers to write papers, but not how they distort the literature scientists choose to cite.

Clinically significant genetic variation in Asian populations is under-characterized. Here, the authors show the diversity in prevalence and spectrum of human disease and pharmacogenetic variants in a multi-ethnic Asian population.

Banning the sale of rinse-off cosmetics containing plastic microbeads to protect the environment requires understanding the lifetime environmental impacts of potential substitutes. By comparing the environmental performance of alternatives, this study finds viable substitutes and those with adverse effects.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

China has committed to restoring populations of critically endangered sea turtles but is focused on conservation methods with minimal evidence of efficacy. China’s National Wildlife Protection Law should be modified to reduce the emphasis on artificial breeding and release.

It is a challenge to visualize phase conversion in batteries. Here Lin et al.report a grid-in-a-coin cell approach to directly probe three-dimensional morphology and charge state distribution of electrode materials, and reveal the dominance of a heterogeneous phase conversion mechanism.

Foreign investments in recent years drive the expansion of fossil fuel electricity generation in emerging economies, yet necessary quantification still lacks. This Article shows how overseas coal-fired power plants could drive future trajectories of CO₂ emissions in host countries.

The diversity and spillover potential of pangolin-associated microbes are not fully understood. Here, the authors describe the distribution and spectrum of reported pangolin microbes by integrating data from multiple sources and assess their potential to emerge as human pathogens.

This paper uncovers the formation of MgH₂, in addition to the well-known MgO and Mg(OH)₂, during the passivation of Mg by water, and demonstrates a waterproof Mg metal anode by simply pencil drawing.

Understanding the sources of particulate matter responsible for extreme air pollution and climate change is critical for designing adequate policies to protect the wellbeing of citizens. This study shows that extraordinary levels of particulate matter with diameter smaller than 1 µm were observed in Dublin in November 2016 and January 2017 and can be attributed to emissions from residential burning of peat and wood, often promoted as ‘slow renewables’.

Lead concentrations in the South China Sea have reduced ~60% post-2000, according to a reconstructed record of lead concentration and isotopic composition from a coral reef.

Sustainable phosphorus (P) management is central to food security and a healthy environment. This study quantifies the impacts of crop–livestock production on P use and losses at the sub-basin scale in China and evaluates the exceedance of a ‘safe’ and ‘just’ P planetary boundary.

Genome assemblies for the SunUp transgenic papaya and its progenitor Sunset identify three transgene-insertions in SunUp. Resequencing of 86 papaya genomes highlights the impacts of breeding and geographic origin.

Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a life-threatening problem in surgeries. Here, authors report that intestinal organoids transplantation attenuates intestinal I/R injury in mice through L-Malic acid-mediated M2 macrophage polarization.

Kramers–Weyl fermions are identified in chiral crystals, and their phenomenology is drawn out.

Analysis of the full-spectrum transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Wuhan reveals that multipronged non-pharmaceutical interventions were effective in controlling the outbreak, and highlights that covert infections may pose risks of resurgence when reopening without intervention measures.

Meeting China’s growing demand for food, especially for livestock products, will have huge environmental impacts domestically and globally. This study finds large increases in land, water, fertilizer and greenhouse gas emissions that vary based on openness of trade.

Chemoselective reactions are often characterized by an activity–selectivity trade-off that renders their optimization difficult. Here gold nanoparticles equipped with a platinum monolayer are introduced that, thanks to lattice expansion and ligand effect, achieve a remarkable performance for the chemoselective hydrogenation of halonitrobenzenes

The presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus has been known to differ by ancestry, but the underlying genetic factors remain unclear. Here, the authors report ancestry-specific susceptibility loci and better risk prediction when using data from matched ancestral groups.

The metabolic dependencies of androgen receptor (AR)-driven growth in prostate adenocarcinoma are largely unknown but could represent a therapeutic target when hormonal manipulations fail. Here the authors demonstrate that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) is transcriptionally regulated by AR and that MPC inhibition suppresses tumour growth in hormone-responsive and castrate-resistant conditions.

Rising demand for ruminant meat and dairy products in developing nations drives increasing GHG and ammonia emissions from livestock. Authors show here that only long-term adoption of global best-practice in sustainable intensification buffered by a short-term coping strategy of green-source trading can offer a way forward.

Microplastic concentrations in global inland waters vary from 0 to 4.3 million items per cubic meter with primary influences from human development index, evapotranspiration, cropland, and land surface runoff, according to a global meta-analysis coupled with predictive mapping.

By utilizing flooding records and county-level daily deaths during 2015 to 2019 across 98 counties in North Carolina, United States, this study found significant associations between cause-specific mortality and short-term exposure to flooding.

The Asian liver fluke is a parasitic worm that is linked to an increased risk of malignant cancer. Here, the authors sequence the draft genome and transcriptome of this fluke and provide insight into how the species has adapted to be able to survive in the bile duct.