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Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Combined single-cell transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility sequencing analysis of mouse primary visual cortex across postnatal development reveals that the glucocorticoid receptor drives astrocyte maturation to limit neuronal plasticity.

The populations of CRHR2-expressing neurons in the lateral septum of mice involved in threat-related behaviour in response to environmental challenges are defined.

Therapeutic antibodies represent a powerful tool for immunotherapy but to design their properties to make them functionally versatile but similar to naturally produced human antibodies is challenging. Here the authors engineer human B cells to express heavy chain only antibodies with mutations to avoid pairing with endogenous antibodies and to enhance effector function and durability.

Analysis of gut bacterial and mitochondrial genomes from wild populations of small rodents across the USA shows that geographic distance mediates early stages of bacterial strain divergence between conspecific mice, while host ancestry impacts microbiota composition across genera.

Neurons recorded in human ventral precentral gyrus encode speech modes and loudness via ensemble patterns separable from those encoding phonemic content. Attempted loudness was decoded accurately to add expressivity to a speech neuroprosthesis.

Methane in modern subglacial meltwater coming from the western Greenland Ice Sheet largely dates back to the period following the Holocene Thermal Maximum, when a smaller ice sheet allowed organic matter accumulation and biological methane production after ice readvance.

PTCHD1-AS, which encodes a long non-coding RNA, is associated with the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder in humans through striatal molecular and circuit-level dysregulation.

The real space magnetic texture of kagome materials is often complex and temperature dependent. Here, the authors demonstrate spectroscopic access to a single magnetic domain in kagome metal DyMn₆Sn₆ and provide insights into the orbital magnetization.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Integration of data representing 35,120 brain scans from diverse global studies enables construction of reference charts that define normative microstructural and macrostructural properties across the human lifespan for research and clinical diagnosis.

Genetic analyses in more than 15,000 individuals from across the Americas, including individuals with autism and family members, define the genetic landscape of autism in Latin American populations and identify significant overlap with other ancestries.

N-desethyl-fluornitrazene is a µ-opioid receptor agonist derived from nitazenes that has supramaximal intrinsic efficacy that produces analgesia with minimal adverse effects in rodent models.

This study presents a living systematic review and open-data meta-analytic database from 15 randomized controlled trials examining the effects of psilocybin treatment on depressive symptoms. Existing evidence suggests that psilocybin treatment alleviates depressive symptoms.

The Scalesia plant radiation displays striking leaf-shape variation within Galápagos microclimates. Genome-wide analyses shows that lobed leaves evolved repeatedly through diversifying selection on diverse developmental regulators.

In this individual participant data meta-analysis, and across 321,345 smartphone-ratings of affective well-being and nearly 1 million hours of physical activity measurement, Rehder et al. clarify the nature and extent of activity–well-being relations and document their relevance in humans’ everyday life.

Emmett and colleagues evaluate the frequency, magnitude and clinical significance of early prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) upregulation in patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer treated with enzalutamide with or without ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA-617.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

Using quantitative brain imaging, the authors show opposite fMRI BOLD signal to metabolic activity due to variable oxygen extraction across the human cortex. This questions the canonical interpretation of fMRI signal in terms of neuronal activity.

STRAIGHT-IN Dual enables allele-specific integration of two DNA constructs into hiPSCs within 1 week. The system was used to programme hiPSCs into distinct cell types and for tunable expression of different transcription factors within the same cell.

This study shows that capillary blood sampling at home using fingerprick testing is feasible and provides reliable biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease. They correlate with cognition and can identify people at highest risk of Alzheimer’s Disease.

High-throughput barcoded neuroanatomy of two closely related rodent species with divergent vocalizations reveals differences in long-range projection motifs in the brain that may support these differences in vocal complexity.

Genomic analysis of HPAI H5N1 from Antarctica reveals multiple independent introductions from South America. It highlights long-distance dissemination via migratory birds and the addition of Antarctica into global influenza transmission networks.

Rapid methods to identify antigen-specific T cells are essential for developing targeted immunotherapies. Here the authors present a high-throughput MHC class II single-chain trimer platform for the comprehensive profiling of CD4⁺ T cells, enabling the rapid identification and characterization of virus- and tumour-specific T cell receptors (TCR) at single-cell resolution.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Genome-wide analyses identify genetic loci and plasma proteins associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study highlights the hormonal and metabolic foundations of the disease and explores the impact of polygenic risk for PCOS in both sexes.

Aarrestad et al. show that, in contrast to psychedelics, the nonhallucinogenic psychoplastogen tabernanthalog promotes neuroplasticity through 5-HT_2AR activation without immediately increasing extracellular glutamate levels or immediate early gene expression.

The authors report an anti-β-tryptase antibody as a potential therapeutic for asthma with a superior mechanism of action that inhibits both tetrameric and monomeric β-tryptase activity. Structural analysis reveals that the molecular path of allosteric inhibition is due to a single antibody residue.

In this study, the authors show that pulmonary fibroblasts act as dualfunction responders to the human-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, modulating immune responses while safeguarding tissue integrity.

Bioinformatic, structural and functional analyses characterize Streptomyces antiquus insecticidal protein (SAIP) as a diphtheria toxin homologue that is lethal to insect cells and targets the Flower protein as a receptor

JWST has produced some of the first spatially resolved spectroscopic observations of massive quiescent galaxies less than 2 Gyr after the Big Bang, revealing a kinematically unique galaxy that shows little-to-no rotational support.

This Reusability Report tests the ability of a foundation model, ActFound, to predict the antibacterial activity of plant natural products. We found that although all models performed poorly on this task, ActFound performed better than similar models.

The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not deterministic. Here, the authors show that common genetic variation changes how APOE-ε4 influences cognition.

This study shows that the intestine uses a specific pathway to generate the energy (ATP) needed to move dietary fat out of intestinal cells. A protein called ANKRD9 helps regulate this energy supply; without it, fat builds up in the intestine, and the body remains lean.

Plasma phosphorylated tau 217 levels predict future accumulation of Alzheimer’s disease pathology in cognitively unimpaired older adults without elevated brain amyloid-β (“A-”) on positron emission tomography.

The treatment potential of psilocybin for postpartum depression was investigated in a preclinical mouse model. Here the authors show both acute and long-term effects of psilocybin in mothers and their offspring who were exposed via lactation.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

Rice paddies contribute to atmospheric methane (CH₄) levels. Here the authors show that increasing levels of the rice plant hormone PSY can reduce CH₄ emissions by over 50% via alteration of microbial H₂ cycling in the rhizosphere.

Understanding the formation timescale and structure of carbonaceous reaction products is crucial for modeling the high-pressure equation-of-state of organic materials. Here, the authors use the National Ignition Facility to shock-compress TATB, revealing ultrafast diamond formation in under 60 ns, offering new insights for shock and detonation chemistry models.

A pangenome reference for the phenotypically diverse crop sorghum aims to help accelerate future efforts to breed crops that are better adapted to changing environments.

Appel et al. found that deceptive networks reached over 37 million Facebook and 3 million Instagram users during the 2020 US elections, with the majority of this exposure driven by 3 networks and amplified by ordinary users resharing the content.

The E3 ligase SCF^FBXO42 degrades holoenzyme-free PP2Ac in complex with the coiled-coil protein CCDC6 to maintain cancer cell fitness