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Wafer bonding has allowed the synthesis of twisted interfaces which support polar discontinuities in ferroelectric lithium niobate. Two-dimensional sheet conductivity arises but is suppressed when twist angles lead to interfacial lattice aperiodicity.

Scholl et al. show that PopZ forms filamentous condensates driven by its helical domain and inhibited by its disordered region. Phase-dependent conformations modulate client interactions and disruption of filamentation or condensation impairs cellular function and growth.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

The effects of current protected areas on freshwater biodiversity are poorly understood. Here, the authors show that European protected areas have overall limited influence on changes in river biodiversity, underscoring the urgent need for improved effectiveness.

Mechanically robust, centimetre-sized, molecularly thin nanoporous carbon membranes were fabricated via the thermal crosslinking of core–rim structured monomers, offering a high reverse electrodialysis short-circuit current with a giant output power density of 67 W m⁻².

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is a clinically challenging disease due to the lack of druggable targets. Here the authors show preclinical evidence for ATR inhibitors as a therapeutic option for alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.

The analysis of the energy spectrum of 36 million tritium β-decay electrons recorded in 259 measurement days within the last 40 eV below the endpoint challenges the Neutrino-4 claim.

This global meta-analysis of freshwater stressor–response relationships reveals that the biodiversity loss of five riverine organism groups reflects elevated salinity, oxygen depletion and fine sediment accumulation, while the relationship with nutrient enrichment and warming varies among groups.

Using cryo-electron microscopy, Schäfer et al. solved the structure of the yeast ceramide synthase complex, consisting of Lip1, Lag1 and Lac1 subunits. They found that fumonisin B1 binds competitively at a key site, suggesting a mechanism for ceramide synthesis.

The imaging of magnetic domains in three-dimensional solids has been hampered by a lack of suitable methods. The authors show that Talbot-Lau neutron tomography is capable of visualizing the domain structure of an iron silicide bulk crystal.

Chiral detection using organic sensors has been limited to concentration levels of parts-per-thousand. The use of a thin-film transistor and of semiconducting oligomers with chiral side arms improves differential detection of enantiomers to parts per million.

Literature produced inconsistent findings regarding the links between extreme weather events and climate policy support across regions, populations and events. This global study offers a holistic assessment of these relationships and highlights the role of subjective attribution.

A model with a more plausible collision scenario explains the formation of Mercury through a giant impact between two bodies of similar size. The model also obtains very accurate results in terms of the iron core-mass fraction.

Pathology-oriented multiplexing (PathoPlex) represents a framework for widespread access to multiplexed imaging and computational image analysis of clinical specimens at a relatively high throughput and subcellular resolution.

This directory was made possible by a unique international collaboration between the 633 scientists whose names appear below. It represents both the first published description of the complete sequence of most chromsomes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the first published overview of the entire sequence. As such, the authors would like future papers referring to the entire sequence and/or its contents to cite this directory; future papers referring to the sequence of individual chromosomes should refer to the papers listed at the head of page 9. The authors’ affiliations appear in the papers describing the individual chromosomes.

What is the state of trust in scientists around the world? To answer this question, the authors surveyed 71,922 respondents in 68 countries and found that trust in scientists is moderately high.

JNJ-9676—a small-molecule inhibitor targeting coronavirus M protein that shows excellent efficacy in Syrian golden hamster models—binds to and stabilizes the M protein dimer in an altered conformational state between its long and short forms, preventing the release of infectious virus.

A consensus genome-scale gene regulatory network reconstruction allows dissection of the transcriptional regulation of microalgal responses to light and carbon availability and discovery of novel regulators of photoprotection and CO₂ acquisition.

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a paediatric tumour of the muscle. Here, the authors utilise single cell RNA-sequencing datasets to describe muscle-lineage and tumour-acquired cell states within rhabdomyosarcoma and identify cell states enriched during treatment.

Experiments with cold atoms in optical cavities are often limited to discontinuous operation due to reloading requirements. Now, continuous lasing is demonstrated with strontium atoms in a ring cavity, stabilized by atom loss mechanisms.

The EMDataResource Ligand Model Challenge aimed at assessing the reliability and reproducibility of modeling ligands bound to protein and protein–nucleic acid complexes in cryo-EM maps determined at near-atomic resolution. This analysis presents the results and recommends best practices for assessing cryo-EM structures of liganded macromolecules.

The ‘on’ and ‘off’ states of the photoswitchable protein Dronpa have been characterized, but the interconversion process remains poorly understood. Here the authors perform time-resolved ultrafast infrared measurements to follow both the structural changes and proton transfer events that occur during conversion.

Exome sequencing within a structured diagnostic process for rare diseases in Germany shows how facial image analysis and machine learning can guide variant prioritization and uncover many ultrarare diseases.

Branched organoids embedded in collagen gels can recapitulate the phenotypic landscape and pronounced molecular and morphological heterogeneity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

The structure of a human exosome–ribosome supercomplex reveals the mechanisms behind the formation of active cytoplasmic exosomes and their role in co-translational RNA decay.

Petrels are wide-ranging, highly threatened seabirds that often ingest plastic. This study used tracking data for 7,137 petrels of 77 species to map global exposure risk and compare regions, species, and populations. The results show higher exposure risk for threatened species and stress the need for international cooperation to tackle marine litter.

Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 are critical in the immune response to infection, but the potential cross-reactivity to other human corona viruses is poorly appreciated. Here the authors apply a systems based approach to characterise the antibody response in pre-pandemic cohorts and assess heterotypic reactivity to SARS-CoV-2.

Seven researchers and science communicators weigh up the potential benefits of generative AI for science communication against its risks.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

A randomized controlled trial showed that a home-based, telemedicine-supported lifestyle intervention, which consisted of exercise training, nutrition recommendations and health literacy training, reported improved glycemic control after 6 months in patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes compared to usual care.

Intrusive memories are a hallmark symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This preregistered meta-analysis investigates how experimental techniques alter intrusive memory frequency, intrusion-related distress and symptoms arising from lab-analogue trauma exposure.

Polymer monolayer field-effect transistors hold promise for faster circuits, but their performance is currently limited by the polymer packing disorder. Li et al. pre-aggregate polymers in a solution to achieve high carrier mobility of 3 cm² V⁻¹s⁻¹ in monolayers and utilize them in integrated circuits.

The global biodiversity decline might conceal complex local and group-specific trends. Here the authors report a quantitative synthesis of longterm biodiversity trends across Europe, showing how, despite overall increase in biodiversity metric and stability in abundance, trends differ between regions, ecosystem types, and taxa.

Evolution of viruses undermines the efficacy of vaccines and antibody therapies. To overcome this challenge, authors describe a strategy for prefusion-stabilization to provide proof-of-principle for fusion-machinery sarbecovirus vaccines.

Nanobodies are normally made from immunized camelids, Ig transgenic mice or synthetic libraries. In this study, the authors introduce the llama Ig heavy chain locus into mice lacking this locus, thereby generating a line in which nanobodies can be made by direct immunization in the absence of an endogenous antibody repertoire.

Natural product biosynthesis gene clusters were identified in bacterial isolates from the Arabidopsis phyllosphere, including inhibitory products with antibiotic activity, demonstrating the potential of the phyllosphere as a resource for antibiotics.

Panos Deloukas, Nilesh Samani and colleagues report a large-scale association analysis using the Metabochip array in 63,746 coronary artery disease cases and 130,681 controls. They identify 15 susceptibility loci, refine previous associations and use network analysis to highlight biological pathways.

An analysis of fish and macroinvertebrate communities in European rivers over 32 years shows that inland ship traffic is associated with declining taxonomic richness, diversity and trait richness and with increased taxonomic evenness.

Triacylglycerides help to secure the impermeability of mycobacterial cell envelope to some drugs. Here, authors solve the structure of the triacylglyceride transporter Rv1410 and proposed a molecular mechanism for triacylglyceride extraction.

The CMS Collaboration reports the study of three simultaneous hard interactions between quarks and gluons in proton–proton collisions. This manifests through the concurrent production of three J/ψ mesons, which consist of a charm-quark–antiquark pair.

Sphingolipids are structural membrane components produced by the serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT). Here, the authors solved the cryo EM structure of the ceramide bound yeast SPOTS complex. This explains how ceramide regulates the activity of the yeast SPT complex.

Visualizing the structural dynamics of isolated molecules would help to understand chemical reactions, but this is difficult for complex structures. Intense femtosecond X-ray pulses allow the full imaging of exploding photoionized molecules, in this case, with eleven atoms.

Analysing 27 years of freshwater invertebrate biomonitoring data from European rivers, the authors show that although some commonly used biodiversity metrics can reflect anthropogenic impacts at broad spatial scales, there was little consistency among other metrics in accurately reflecting community responses.