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A multi-model intercomparison using six global agro-economic models explores how ozone reductions arising from climate change mitigation could impact crop yields. Yield changes are projected to 2050, linking reduced ozone to food security and the alleviation of hunger.

Utilising leading indicators within an adaptive framework can enhance public food price forecasts, which supports more informed budget planning and decision-making. These forecasts also enable reports to explain the drivers of their predictions.

Regenerative agriculture promises lower emissions and healthier soils, but results vary by environment and practice. Across four diverse rainfall zones, this study finds that practices that yielded the largest soil carbon gains and greatest greenhouse gas mitigation were not always the most profitable, underscoring the need for context-specific evaluation using multiple sustainability metrics.

Precision oncology requires access to high quality data, as well as the application of current technologies. Here, the authors use federated learning to predict clinical outcomes in anal cancer patients across 16 centres as part of the atomCAT consortium.

Community energy groups can raise citizen finance for renewable energy projects at lower interest rates than from commercial lenders, but they often depend on price guarantee schemes. Policies providing price stability and business model innovations are needed to realize the sector’s potential contribution to the zero-carbon energy transition.

Scenario ensembles are widely used in climate change research, while their opportunistic nature could lead to biased outcomes in following analysis. Focusing on relevance, quality and diversity, researchers develop a simple and transparent weighting framework to address these challenges.

A retrospective analysis shows that the IRA will not result in a large-scale defunding of biopharmaceutical innovation.

In a randomized experiment in Chelsea, Massachusetts, USA, lower-income individuals who received cash transfers reduced calorie deficits and increased consumption of nutrient-dense, higher-cost foods. Their findings highlight the critical role that income support may have in a high-income country to reduce hunger.

Models typically used to analyse climate–economy interactions have paradoxically ignored much of nature’s value. A new study explicitly addresses this issue and reveals feedback loops between nature and the climate system that make climate change more costly.

Sheep producers face growing expectations to produce more food, conserve biodiversity, stay profitable and cut emissions. The authors find that interventions work best when addressing underperforming environmental, economic, or psychological areas.

People have moralized different concepts over history. Here, the authors show that the historical time courses of moralization can be restored computationally by combining machine learning with psychological data of word association and text corpora.

Decarbonizing the European ammonia industry: Less stringent emissions caps for electrolytic hydrogen production can significantly reduce costs and land use while still achieving more than 90% reduction in emissions relative to fossil-based hydrogen.

The results obtained by seventy different teams analysing the same functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset show substantial variation, highlighting the influence of analytical choices and the importance of sharing workflows publicly and performing multiple analyses.

Electrolytic hydrogen can play a role in the power sector by 2030 if its use is accompanied by a break-even abatement cost and if electricity market dispatch rules shift from minimizing costs to prioritizing emissions reductions.

Governments and businesses are beginning to account for natural capital, but must collaborate to promote sustainability, combat climate change and improve decision-making.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Efficiency improvements that cause price decreases and consumption increases may offset the benefits of avoided food loss and waste (FLW), hindering progress towards SDG 12. Based on published income-group- and food-type-specific price elasticities of supply and demand, this study quantifies the direct rebound effects from large reductions in FLW of six types of food.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Gasoline prices have increasingly become a focus of attention for climate policy. This study uses survey and retail gasoline price data to explore associations between gasoline prices and public acceptability of different climate policies, finding in part that support for phasing out fossil fuel-powered cars decreases when prices rise.

Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 58 independent risk loci for major anxiety disorders among individuals of European ancestry and implicates GABAergic signaling as a potential mechanism underlying genetic risk for these disorders.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Regional differences in SARS-CoV-2 variants may affect treatment outcome. Here, the authors show that near-sourced convalescent plasma has higher efficacy, as defined by death within 30 days of transfusion, than plasma sourced more than 150 miles away.

Maize production is dependent on Nitrogen fertilizer input. Here, the authors use long-term and short-term experiments to demonstrate that economic and environmental optimum nitrogen fertilization rates have increased between 1991 and 2021.

Trencher and colleagues investigate the twenty companies making the largest purchases of offsets from the voluntary carbon market from 2020 to 2023. They find that 87% of the purchased offsets carry a high risk of not providing real and additional emissions reductions. Further, most offsets do not meet industry standards regarding age and country of implementation. The findings reinforce concerns that the voluntary carbon market is failing to support effective climate mitigation.

Gene regulation varies across cell types and states. Here, the authors present airqtl, a scalable method for single-cell eQTL mapping that enables efficient causal gene regulatory network inference, revealing the genetic drivers of cell state-specific regulation.

Co-designed pathways to net-zero farm greenhouse gas emissions revealed that stacking several interventions to mitigate livestock methane, improve animal genetics and sequester carbon were able to negate enterprise emissions in a profitable way.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus has recently caused outbreaks in dairy cattle herds in the United States. Here, the authors describe the clinical features and associated economic impacts of an outbreak at a farm in Ohio between March and April 2024.

A study of the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in England between September 2020 and June 2021 finds that interventions capable of containing previous variants were insufficient to stop the more transmissible Alpha and Delta variants.

Instructions about nicotine strength influence smokers’ perception of the nicotine content in electronic cigarettes and are associated with neural responses in the thalamocortical system.

Intrinsic capacity (IC) was introduced by the World Health Organization to promote healthy aging. Here, using data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, the authors develop an IC measure for older Indian adults. Their analysis shows that higher IC scores are associated with better health and functioning and reveals regional and sociodemographic variations.

The nationwide cost of cutting emissions can be affected by local policies. This study considers the differences across the US states, with integrated assessment model results showing that varying state policies only increases nationwide costs by about 10%.

Tree-ring records used to reconstruct the variability of the European jet stream from 1300 to 2004 ce show modulation of extreme regional climate events and extensive impacts on agriculture and human well-being.

Sera from vaccinated individuals and some monoclonal antibodies show a modest reduction in neutralizing activity against the B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2; but the E484K substitution leads to a considerable loss of neutralizing activity.

Although rigid silicon panels dominate the solar power market, they are unsuitable for niche applications such as portable charging or drones, where thin-film and flexible technologies would be advantageous. This Analysis examines the needs of niche markets and the packaging weights that would be required to enable such photovoltaic devices to enter them.

Chronic infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of viral variants that show reduced susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies in an immunosuppressed individual treated with convalescent plasma.

Analyses of data on 21 billion friendships from Facebook in the United States reveal associations between social capital and economic mobility.

Pre-existing chronic diseases can delay or accelerate cancer diagnosis. Here the authors report that the duration of analgesic treatment as well as history of anxiety or depression can impact risk of advance stage lung and colon cancer in patients.

The study shows that non-linear perceptions of probabilistic rewards explain non-normative information demand in instrumental and noninstrumental conditions, and correlate with personality traits and nonlinearities in risky-choice tasks

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Openshaw and colleagues find myeloid inflammation and complement activation signatures in patients with long COVID who were previously hospitalized.

It is important to understand the cost-effectiveness of natural regeneration and plantations, which are common reforestation methods for mitigation. The authors estimate and map abatement costs for the two approaches across low- and mid-income countries, helping to guide reforestation initiatives.

The Omicron variant evades vaccine-induced neutralization but also fails to form syncytia, shows reduced replication in human lung cells and preferentially uses a TMPRSS2-independent cell entry pathway, which may contribute to enhanced replication in cells of the upper airway. Altered fusion and cell entry characteristics are linked to distinct regions of the Omicron spike protein.

Assessing electricity consumption in green-certified buildings using high-frequency hourly data shows that such buildings reduce energy demand particularly during peak times, which has additional environmental and economic benefits.

In this study, Aggarwal and colleagues perform prospective sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 isolates derived from asymptomatic student screening and symptomatic testing of students and staff at the University of Cambridge. They identify important factors that contributed to within university transmission and onward spread into the wider community.

Preparing suitable lithium anodes is crucial for high-performance solid-state batteries. This study evaluates methods for producing thin lithium films, emphasizing thermal evaporation as a cost-effective approach while estimating associated pack costs.