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Unfortunately, it is typical for debates about earthquake prediction research to be based in part on incorrect assertions^1,2. The first two sentences in the moderator's introduction follow this tradition. Contrary to his suggestion, the recent earthquake in Colombia has done nothing to show the inability or ability of science to predict earthquakes, because this problem simply has not been studied in Colombia.

DNA-PAINT, a super-resolution fluorescence microscopy technique that exploits programmable transient oligonucleotide hybridization, can be used to image densely packed triangular lattice patterns with molecular-level resolution and ångström-level precision.

A human liver is transplanted successfully after preservation for 3 days via machine perfusion.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

An explainable deep learning model using a chemical substructure-based approach for the exploration of chemical compound libraries identified structural classes of compounds with antibiotic activity and low toxicity.

The extreme hot and dry conditions of 2023 reduced soil respiration and enhanced net forest carbon sequestration in Canada, offsetting wildfire emissions, according to satellite-based and in situ observations of CO₂ fluxes.

The contributions to the debate about earthquake prediction research in Nature so far, clearly show that we have hardly scratched the surface of the problem of how earthquake ruptures initiate and how to predict them. This arises from the difficulty of the problem and the lack of a vigorous program to study these questions. As Andrew Michael has said, funding for earthquake prediction research is a small fraction of the seismology program, in the U.S., and seismology is poorly funded compared to disciplines like astronomy.

The contributions to the debate about earthquake prediction research in Nature so far, clearly show that we have hardly scratched the surface of the problem of how earthquake ruptures initiate and how to predict them. This arises from the difficulty of the problem and the lack of a vigorous program to study these questions. As Andrew Michael has said, funding for earthquake prediction research is a small fraction of the seismology program, in the U.S., and seismology is poorly funded compared to disciplines like astronomy.

As we all agree that we know little about how earthquakes initiate and how to predict them, it follows that we will study the problem and eventually reach a relatively satisfactory solution. The question is, will we do it with the significant financial support and expedience this humanitarian effort deserves, or will we force individual scientists to do it in their non-existent spare time?

Kraft, Murphy, Jones et al. identify extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA)-interacting elements (EIEs) enriched for transposable elements within ecDNA in colorectal cancer cells. They show that EIE 14 integrated within ecDNA acts as an enhancer to promote cancer fitness.

Tissue chips with matured human heart, liver, bone and skin tissue niches linked by recirculating vascular flow recapitulate interdependent functions of these organs.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

Managing power exhaust in fusion reactors is a key challenge, especially in compact designs for cost-effective commercial energy. This study shows how alternative divertor configurations improve exhaust control, enhance stability, absorb transients and enable independent plasma regulation.

The combination of catalytic platinum particles, nanozymes and a CRISPR-based reaction allows for the quantification of non-coding RNAs at the picomolar range. This assay, CrisprZyme, has a colorimetric readout and works at room temperature without preamplification.

Earthquake survivors could be rescued more quickly if the media communicated the number of likely fatalities from the outset, argues Max Wyss.

Loss of canonical Notch signaling in vascular endothelial cells induces spontaneous formation of proto-typical tertiary lymphoid structures in mouse kidney, liver and lungs, which form around central arteries that acquire a high endothelial cell signature

Livers are stored long term in a sophisticated perfusion system.

Cas9 DNA targeting is inherently sequence specific but not temporally controlled. Here, authors spatiotemporally couple Cas9 activity to target site transcription in eukaryotes and exploit this to preferentially edit the more highly transcribed of two alleles that harbor identical Cas9 targets.

The authors show that plasma levels of NfL increase with age in humans and are associated with mortality in nonagenarians and centenarians. In mice, a life-extending dietary restriction manipulation attenuated the similar age-related increase in plasma NfL levels.

This study uses a novel vascular model with human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells, pericytes, and smooth muscle cells to explore the vascular complications associated with SARS-CoV-2. It reveals that smooth muscle cells as the primary sites of infection and inflammation.

The design and optimisation of 3D DNA-origami can be a barrier to rapid application. Here the authors design barrel structure of stacked 2D double helical rings with complex surface patterns.

The spatial organization of the genome within the nucleus impacts many processes. Here the authors combine oligo-based DNA FISH with single-molecule super-resolution microscopy to image single-copy genomic regions and, taking advantage of SNPs, distinguish allelic regions of homologous chromosomes.

The inner layer of the mucus that covers our intestine is nearly sterile. Here, the authors show in mice that the outer mucus layer constitutes a unique microbial niche hosting bacterial communities with distinct proliferation rates and resource utilization activities.

Viscoelasticity is a universal mechanical feature of the extracellular matrix. Here the authors show that the extracellular matrix viscoelasticity guides tissue growth and symmetry breaking, a fundamental process in morphogenesis and oncogenesis.

A fast and inexpensive point-of-care assay based on CRISPR–Cas13 accurately detects the DNA of opportunistic viruses in blood and urine samples as well as an mRNA marker of renal transplant rejection in urine samples.

Dietary restriction (DR) late in life does not improve survival and has little benefit in metabolic health in mice. The absence of a DR gene-expression signature in fat tissue suggests that a ‘nutritional memory’ interferes with the benefits of DR.

Maragoni microswimmers show the advantage of self-propulsion but their development is limited by fabrication techniques. Here, the authors use a photopatterning method which allows for a high throughput production of maragoni microswimmers with multiple functional parts and distinct materials properties.

A gelatin–alginate hydrogel ink incorporating short gelatin fibres guides the self-organization of human cardiomyocytes into contractile tissues that can be 3D-printed into structures mimicking human organs.

Existing methods for nanoscale visualization of biological targets in thick samples require complex hardware. Here, the authors combine the standard spinning disk confocal (SDC) microscopy with DNA points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (DNA-PAINT) to image proteins, DNA and RNA deep in cells.

Synthetic polymer wires, which contain short oligonucleotides extending from each repeat, can assemble into predesigned routings on two- and three-dimensional DNA origami templates.

Xu et al. use single-cell transcriptomics to reveal that targeted and systemic partial reprogramming restore the production of neuronal progenitors and new neurons in old mice and show a cell-autonomous effect of reprogramming in cultures of aged neural stem cells.

The translation of transgenes is regulated using RNA sensors.

Sucker ring teeth from squid and cuttlefish represent rare examples of thermoplastic biopolymers. Here, the authors demonstrate how these materials may be processed for implementation in biomedical and 3D printing applications.

Retro-Cascorder, a system for time-ordered recording of transcriptional output, uses retrons as a tag to mediate DNA barcode acquisition in a CRISPR array.

Hydrogels with faster stress relaxation enhance the spreading, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of embedded mesenchymal stem cells.

Accurate oligonucleotide libraries are produced by synthesis and selection.

Studies of cellular mechanotransduction commonly use elastic substrates, whereas biological substrates are viscoelastic, exhibiting stress relaxation. Here, the authors show through computational modelling and experiments that viscoelastic substrates can stimulate cell spreading to a greater extent than purely elastic substrates with the same initial stiffness.

Global warming and ocean acidification impact coral ecosystems. Here, the authors show higher skeletal porosity and reduced bulk density at lower pH in corals living along a natural pH gradient in the Mediterranean, which may contribute to reduce population density and increase damage susceptibility.