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This study identifies protein signatures of pediatric obesity linked to cardiometabolic risk, shows treatment-related changes, and highlights a three-protein panel predictive of steatotic liver disease for early diagnosis

PCNA–PAF15 has a key role in determining replisome dynamics during genome replication and protecting against genome instability.

Here, the authors characterize the gut virome of 647 one-year-old children in the COPSAC2010 cohort, finding that anelloviruses are highly prevalent and associated with daycare attendance, gestational age, and FUT2 secretor status.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

Leveraging four large, longitudinal, prospectively-followed mother–child cohorts, this study shows that a western diet in early–mid-pregnancy is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring.

Analysis of two-million-year-old ancient environmental DNA from the Kap København Formation in North Greenland shows there was an open boreal forest with diverse plant and animal species, of which several taxa have not previously been detected at the site, representing an ecosystem that has no present-day analogue.

Here, Larsen et al. describe differences in Fc fucosylation of P. falciparum PfEMP1-specific IgG produced in response to natural infection versus VAR2CSA-type subunit vaccination, which leads to differences in the ability to induce FcγRIIIa-dependent natural killer cell degranulation.

A high proportion of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases in Denmark were sequenced during the pandemic and linked to demographic, spatial and temporal data. Here, the authors analyse 290,000 genomes sampled in 2021 to demonstrate the value of this high coverage, detailed data set.

A device architecture based on indium arsenide–aluminium heterostructures with a gate-defined superconducting nanowire allows single-shot interferometric measurement of fermion parity and demonstrates an assignment error probability of 1%.

Muscle mass is lost in patients with diabetes, which is associated with mitochondrial disfunction. Here they show that SLIRP maintains muscle mitochondria and that exercise training can compensate for SLIRP loss, improving mitochondrial function and quality control in muscle.

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is commonly preceded by a prodromal period. Here, the authors report the presence of large plasma Aβ aggregates from patients with mild cognitive impairment, which associate with low level AD-like brain pathology as observed by 11C-PiB PET and 18F-FTP PET and lowered CD18-rich monocytes.

Scalable gate tunable superconducting qubits can be realized using a proximitized InAs two-dimensional electron gas.

This mass spectrometry-based proteomic study profiles the plasma proteome in 2,147 children and adolescents and reveals its association with age, sex, puberty, body mass index and genetics.

Acute critical illness is often preceded by deterioration of routinely measured clinical parameters, e.g., blood pressure and heart rate. Here, the authors develop an explainable artificial intelligence early warning score system for its early detection.

De novo assembly of 23 Aspergillus section Nigri and 6 Aspergillus niger genome sequences allows for inter- and intraspecies comparisons and prediction of secondary metabolite gene clusters.

Gamified laboratory simulations motivate students and improve learning outcomes compared with traditional teaching methods.

Components of the gut virome of 1-year-old children are associated with increased risk of development of asthma later in life, probably through direct interaction between phages and the host immune system.

In placental malaria, interactions between parasite protein VAR2CSA and human glycosaminoglycan chondroitin sulfate A (CS) sequesters infected red blood cells in the placenta. Here, the authors provide cryo-EM structures of VAR2CSA and placental CS, identifying molecular interactions that could guide design of placental malaria vaccines.

Unimolecular integration of NMDA receptor antagonism with GLP-1 receptor agonism effectively reverses obesity, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia in rodent models of metabolic disease.

Thermogenic adipose tissue has been suggested as a potential target to treat metabolic diseases. Here, Tran et al. show that a long noncoding RNA, LINC00473, is induced during activation of thermogenic adipocytes and regulates energy metabolism through interorganelle communication.

A combination of cross-sectional study and lifestyle intervention program uncovered altered lipid profiles in children and adolescents with obesity and demonstrated that a personalized obesity management program can restore a healthy lipid profile.

Bacteria of the SAR11 clade constitute up to one half of all marine microbes and are thought to require oxygen for growth; here, a subgroup of SAR11 bacteria are shown to thrive in ocean oxygen minimum zones and to encode abundant respiratory nitrate reductases.

Establishing the relative transmissibility of emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 is key for pandemic management. Here, the authors use full-population administrative data from Denmark linked to PCR test results and estimate that the Alpha variant was ~60% higher than other strains circulating in early 2021.

Integration of GWAS and single-cell transcriptomic data from the entire nervous system systematically identifies cell types underlying brain complex traits and provides insights into the etiology of Parkinson’s disease.

Genome-wide analyses identify eight independent loci associated with anorexia nervosa. Genetic correlations implicate both psychiatric and metabolic components in the etiology of this disorder, even after adjusting for the effects of common variants associated with body mass index.

Uplift and volcanism drove fragmentation of the Norwegian-Greenland seaway, which may have restricted Arctic-Atlantic exchange during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, according to sedimentological, paleontological and seismic analyses from NE Greenland.

Hadal trenches—the deepest part of the oceans—are biogeochemically more dynamic and diverse environments than previously suggested, according to in-situ measurements of benthic oxygen uptake rate.