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Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an inherited gastrointestinal syndrome associated with duodenal adenoma formation. Here the authors show that IL17A-producing NKp44- group 3 innate lymphoid cells accumulate in FAP duodenal tissue and are associated with duodenal adenoma formation in patients with FAP.

Materials with a Kitaev spin liquid ground state are sought after as models of quantum phases but candidates so far form either zig-zag or incommensurate magnetic order. Ruiz et al. find a crossover between these states in β-Li₂IrO₃ under weak magnetic fields, indicating strongly frustrated spin interactions.

Functional imaging and multiplexed in situ hybridization were combined to investigate how trigeminal neurons encode heat and mechanical stimuli, revealing distinct cellular mechanisms for continuing pain, heat hypersensitivity and tactile allodynia during inflammation.

What is the state of trust in scientists around the world? To answer this question, the authors surveyed 71,922 respondents in 68 countries and found that trust in scientists is moderately high.

New treatments for cocaine use disorder (CocUD) require an understanding of the underlying neurobiology. Here, the authors show opposing effects of ZEB1 in CocUD and highlight disrupted synaptic signaling and phosphodiesterase inhibitors as potential therapeutic targets.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

JMML is an aggressive hematologic malignancy with myeloproliferative characteristics affecting young children. Here the authors report that C-type lectin-like molecule-1 (CLL-1) is upregulated in JMML and they develop CLL-1 CAR T cells showing in vitro and in vivo anti-JMML activity.

Analysis of multiple cohorts of patients with melanoma demonstrates a positive association between cytomegalovirus serostatus and overall survival in patients treated with monotherapy but not combination immune checkpoint blockade, as well as delayed onset of immune-related adverse events across both treatment types, as well as delayed development of metastatic disease in seropositive patients.

Inhibition of haem synthesis is shown to lead to the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids in the brown adipose tissue of mice, which reduces UCP1 levels and impairs thermogenesis.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

Modelling of the evolution of atmospheric methane emissions from the 2022 Nord Stream subsea pipeline leaks shows that the event emitted the largest recorded amount of methane from a single transient event.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Antibody immunoprophylaxis for HIV-1 will require effective concentration of biologics at mucosal sites of exposure for effectivity. Here the authors show that infused Fc-modified VRC01LS antibody has increased levels in blood, in the female genital tract and male rectal tissue, compared to native antibody VRC01. VRC01LS is detectable for more than year at the sites of sexual HIV transmission.

The authors present a characterization of complex X-linked lncRNA loci with sex- and allele-specific epigenetic signatures that serve as a platform for the largest chromatin structures in mammals, thereby elucidating diverse phenotypes and combinatorial effects on autosomes.

Sarcomas are a group of mesenchymal malignancies which are molecularly heterogeneous. Here, the authors develop an in vivo muscle electroporation system for gene delivery to generate distinct subtypes of orthotopic genetically engineered mouse models of sarcoma, as well as syngeneic allograft models with scalability for preclinical assessment of therapeutics.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

This Consensus Statement presents the standards for technical reporting in environmental and host-associated microbiome studies (STREAMS) guidelines.

Artificial intelligence has become popular as a cancer classification tool, but there is distrust of such systems due to their lack of transparency. Here, the authors develop an explainable AI system which produces text- and region-based explanations alongside its classifications which was assessed using clinicians’ diagnostic accuracy, diagnostic confidence, and their trust in the system.

Amyloid fibrils can adopt a range of distinct conformations, yet it is challenging to rapidly discriminate between these polymorphs. Now methods have been developed to screen large, diverse libraries of turn-on fluorescent dyes to rapidly identify probes that recognize fibril subsets.

Furlan’s team engineered the printing of Gd₂Zr₂O₇ photonic coatings on curved metal surfaces, achieving high reflectivity values that outperform state-of-the-art thermal barrier coatings while having remarkably low density and minimal thickness

An artificial intelligence system called BacterAI uses laboratory robots to learn the logic of microbial metabolism. BacterAI plans experiments autonomously and does not require any prior knowledge.

Treatment strategy of solid tumors requires continuous development. Here the authors develop a Macrophage Drug Conjugate (MDC) platform by loading ferritin-drug complexes to macrophages. MDC transfers the ferritin to cancer cells via ‘TRAnsfer of Iron binding protein’ (TRAIN) process and reduces tumor volume in various mouse tumor models.

Nicole Soranzo, Tim Spector, Gabi Kastenmüller and colleagues report a large-scale analysis of genetic variants influencing human blood metabolite levels. They identify genome-wide significant associations at 145 loci, providing a framework for exploring relationships between genetic variation, metabolism and complex disease.

The results obtained by seventy different teams analysing the same functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset show substantial variation, highlighting the influence of analytical choices and the importance of sharing workflows publicly and performing multiple analyses.

As presented at the 2025 ASCO Annual Meeting: in a randomized controlled phase 3 trial evaluating subcutaneous administration of sasanlimab, an anti-PD-1 inhibitor, with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin induction and maintenance treatment, combination treatment significantly improved event-free survival versus standard-of-care therapy.

Heart shape is heritable and potentially linked to cardiometabolic conditions. Here the authors perform GWAS on principle components of ventricular shape to identify 43 unique loci, 14 of which are novel for cardiac traits.

Stratified medicine promises to tailor treatment for individual patients, however it remains a major challenge to leverage genetic risk data to aid patient stratification. Here the authors introduce an approach to stratify individuals based on the aggregated impact of their genetic risk factor profiles on tissue-specific gene expression levels, and highlight its ability to identify biologically meaningful and clinically actionable patient subgroups, supporting the notion of different patient ‘biotypes’ characterized by partially distinct disease mechanisms.

The viral hypersensitivity of Nicotiana benthamiana results from an insertion in the RNA polymerase, Rdr1. Population analyses showed that the Rdr1 insertion originated from a population that trades viral defence for vigour in an extreme Australian habitat.

This study analysed genetic data of soil-transmitted helminths from 27 countries, revealing diversity impacting molecular test accuracy and highlighting the need to adapt diagnostics for effective STH surveillance.

Gerber, Russ et al. show that the H3.3 chaperone Daxx, which represses endogenous retroviral and retrotransposable elements, acts as an epigenetic barrier to control haematopoietic progenitor plasticity and protect against PU.1-mediated inflammation.

Cellular senescence plays a crucial role in cancer therapy, influencing how tumours respond to treatment. Here, the authors show that therapy-induced senescence in B-cell lymphoma leads to myeloid-like plasticity, enhancing T-cell recognition and improving patient outcomes.

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics faces the challenge of processing vast data amounts. Here, the authors introduce AlphaPept, an open-source, Python-based framework that offers high speed analysis and easy integration for large-scale proteome analysis.

Cell monolayers organize themselves with multiscale orientational order. Here, the authors examine how the mechanical and biochemical properties of cells and the substrate affect the crossover between hexatic and nematic orientational order.

Whether and how slow wave activity (SWA) and the underlying membrane potential UP and DOWN states initiate mechanisms that augment memory functions in humans are not fully understood. Here authors used multineuron patch-clamp in alive human brain tissue, resected during neurosurgeries, to show that membrane potential UP/DOWN states, which mimic neural sleep activity, modulate axonal action potentials to boost synaptic strength and plasticity.

The global biodiversity decline might conceal complex local and group-specific trends. Here the authors report a quantitative synthesis of longterm biodiversity trends across Europe, showing how, despite overall increase in biodiversity metric and stability in abundance, trends differ between regions, ecosystem types, and taxa.

In this study, the authors analyse 2,409 nasopharyngeal swabs from 300 infants in Botswana to investigate the impacts of respiratory virus infection on the colonisation dynamics of bacterial respiratory pathobionts.

Cnidarians have evolved an array of cell types, from mechanoreceptors to stinging cells. Here they provide evidence for a diversity of mechanosensory neural cell types in a sea anemone and reveal that evolutionary histories of animal mechanosensory neurons are more complex than previously recognized.

Understanding patterns in woody plant trait relationships and trade-offs is challenging. Here, by applying machine learning and data imputation methods to a global database of georeferenced trait measurements, the authors unravel key relationships in tree functional traits at the global scale.

Advances in protein structure prediction have led to a significant influx of protein structure data. Here the authors exploit this data to offer an unbiased overview of complex sequence-structure-function relationships in the protein universe. This work opens up new uses for 3D structure data repositories in meta-omics and other fields of biology.