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Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

At low densities, it is understood that the physics of two-dimensional electron gases becomes dominated by interactions but the nature of the state that forms remains controversial. Here the authors present transport measurements that indicate the existence of a Wigner crystal in silicon MOSFETs.

Acoustic bianisotropy does not exist in natural materials but can be designed with acoustic metamaterials. Here, Li et al. utilized acoustic bianisotropy and develop a practical metamaterial with improved transmission efficiency which outperforms the Generalized Snell’s Law.

The dwarf planet Ceres may have reoriented in the past due to a heterogeneously dense crust, a scenario consistent with gravity and topographic data and the distribution of crustal fractures.

During atherosclerosis, endothelial cells release purines in response to oxidized phospholipids. Here, Hitzel et al. show that oxidized phospholipids activate an MTHFD2-regulated gene network in endothelial cells which reprograms amino acid metabolism towards production of purines and thus compensates for their loss.

Although single-cell transcriptome data are increasingly available, their interpretation remains a challenge. Here, the authors present a dimensionality reduction approach that preserves both the local and global neighbourhood structures in the data thus enhancing its interpretability.

Owing to their atomically thin nature, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides host room temperature, strongly bound excitons. Here, the authors show that the thermodynamical balance between fission and fusion of excitons can be tuned by the dielectric environment and charge carrier doping and observed by photoemission spectroscopy.

Network stability is a central topic in theoretical ecology, with most work focusing on mutualistic or food web networks. Here, the authors explore the stability of microbial networks based on the consumption and exchange of resources, showing that asymmetry in crossfeeding relationships can destabilize networks.

How the chromosome passenger complex (CPC) phosphorylates the kinetochores that can be a micron away to control mitotic events is unknown. Here the authors find that the CPC directly binds microtubules near inner centromeres, which controls its ability to phosphorylate kinetochores independently of tension generated by kinetochore microtubule attachments.

The drivers of growth rate variability in bacteria are yet unknown. Here, the authors present a theory to predict the growth dynamics of individual cells and use a stochastic cell model integrating metabolism, gene expression and replication to identify the processes that underlie growth variation.

Multipartite entanglement is of both fundamental and practical interest, but is notoriously difficult to witness and characterise. Here, Zarkeshian et al. demonstrate multipartite entanglement in an atomic frequency comb storing a single photon in a Dicke state spread over a macroscopic ensemble.

How do multiple synapses interact to modulate learning? Agnes and Vogels postulate models of ‘co-dependent’ synaptic plasticity that promote rapid, multi-synaptic attainment of stable receptive fields, dendritic patterns and plausible neural dynamics.

(3200) Phaethon is a near-Earth asteroid discovered in 1983 that has large inclination and eccentricity. Here, the authors perform polarimetric observation of Phaethon over a wide range of solar phase angle and report that the asteroid exhibits a very strong linear polarization.

Nonreciprocal optical elements often require magnetic materials in order to break time-reversal symmetry. Here, Barzanjeh et al. demonstrate a magnetic-free on-chip microwave circulator that utilizes the interference from six electro-mechanical signal paths.

Photoionization is one of the most important photophysical events. This process can now be characterized in a quantum-mechanically complete manner by use of polarization-controlled extreme-ultraviolet light derived from a free-electron laser

Two-level systems interacting with a bosonic environment appear everywhere in physics. Here, the authors use a superconducting device to study this spin-boson model in the presence of coherent driving, showing that the drive enhances dissipation into the environment and can localize or delocalize the system.

Optomechanics has recently moved into the quantum regime. Here, Tavernarakis et al. demonstrate that a hybrid optomechanical device made up of a carbon nanotube with a metal nanoparticle at its tip can push force measurements towards the quantum regime at room temperature.

The determination of thermal and non-thermal carrier populations in plasmonic systems generally requires assumptions on the types of distributions present. Here, Heilpern et al. directly determine such populations in thin film pump-probe measurements using a double inversion procedure.

Temporal omics data have the potential to dissect complex biological networks. Here the authors develop methods for detecting temporal genetic loci (teQTLs) of quantitative traits monitored over time and inferring causal relationships between traits linked to the locus.

Free electron laser beam profile characterization is usually performed separately from the actual measurements and this leads to considerable uncertainty in the results. Here the authors demonstrate the simultaneous measurement of the FEL beam profile with the experiment by using integrated gratings.

Recent experiments have indicated that YbMgGaO₄ may be a quantum spin liquid with spinon Fermi surfaces but additional evidence is needed to support this interpretation. Shen et al. show weak magnetic fields cause changes in the excitation continuum that are consistent with spin liquid predictions.

Wave propagation is often nonlinear in character, yet the interplay between disorder and nonlinearity remains elusive. Kim et al. use experiments and corroborating numerical simulations to investigate this phenomenon and demonstrate superdiffusive energy transport in disordered granular chains.

Subsurface ice-sheet radar images reveal large plume-shaped bodies rising from the base, with their origin not yet understood. Here, the authors show that freeze-on of water at the ice-sheet base combined with ice-flux explains the vertical extent, shape and structure of the observed plumes.

Apart from the intensive efforts to explore topological properties in crystalline materials, the study of such properties in amorphous materials has been rare. Here, Pöyhönen et al. predict a topological superconducting phase in an ensemble of randomly distributed magnetic atoms on a superconducting surface.

Periodically kicked rotors are useful in exploring localization phenomenon. Here the authors use ultracold Cs atoms kicked by short laser pulses and show that the periodic modulation results into interference signals as a signature of weak and strong localizations.

Prostate cancer (PrCa) involves a large heritable genetic component. Here, the authors perform multivariate fine-mapping of known PrCa GWAS loci, identifying variants enriched for biological function, explaining more familial relative risk, and with potential application in clinical risk profiling.

Gas-phase actinium monofluoride (AcF) has been produced and spectroscopically studied at the CERN-ISOLDE radioactive ion beam facility; the results highlight the potential of ²²⁷AcF for exceptionally sensitive searches of CP violation.

Topological modes in photonics systems are not completely confined to the structure but can leak into free space. Here, Gorlach et al. exploit these leaky modes to probe the topological properties of a dielectric metasurface from far-field scattering measurements.

Exploring the photoionization process leads to better understanding of the fundamental interactions between light and matter. Here the authors show the non-dipole contribution in the form of asymmetric photoelectron angular distribution from the ionization of argon atoms and ions.

High-dimensional quantum bits advance the application of quantum sensing and information processing technologies but suffer from the low spectral selectivity and working temperature. Here the authors present the selective excitation and control of spin qudits modes based on an ensemble of silicon vacancy defects in silicon carbide at room temperature.

Demonstrating the advantage of collective measurements in experiments remains a daunting task. Here the authors introduce a general recipe for performing deterministic collective measurements on two identically prepared qubits based on quantum walks.

Although optomechanics enables precision metrology, measurements beyond mechanical properties often require hybrid devices. Here, Kim et al. demonstrate that a ferromagnetic needle integrated with a torsional resonator can determine the magnetic properties and amplify or cool the resonator motion.

A model of optical polarization provides a framework for studying the composition and dynamical evolution of the ejecta from the kilonova explosion accompanying the gravitational-wave event GW 170817, as well as future kilonovae.