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When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

A fully automated methodology based on rubrics capturing a broad range of cognitive and intellectual demands is illustrated using LLMs and tasks, demonstrating a new way to evaluate the capabilities of AI systems and anticipate their performance.

Evo 2 is an artificial intelligence-based biological foundation model trained on 9 trillion DNA base pairs spanning all domains of life that predicts functional properties from genomic sequences and provides a rich generative model for researchers in biology.

An optical archival storage technology based on femtosecond laser direct writing in glass addresses the practical demands of archival storage.

fMRI data from individuals of a wide range of ages (from a few days to 100 years old) are used to map the key organizational axes of functional connectivity in the human cortex throughout the lifespan.

Southern Ocean microbial communities are less well studied. Here, the authors generate a circumpolar-scale gene catalog from 218 metagenomics samples revealing broadscale uniqueness and water-mass–specific adaptations of the Southern Ocean microbiome.

Genome-wide analysis coupled with long-read sequencing identifies a repeat expansion in GOLGA8A associated with high risk for atypical frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions.

White matter properties correlate with cognitive performance in a number of domains. Here the authors show that altering a child’s educational environment though a targeted intervention program induces rapid, large-scale changes in the white matter, and that these changes track the learning process.

A comparison of proteome-wide mutational scanning datasets from enterovirus A and B species reveals evolutionary constraints shared by these viral species that localize to core functional regions, as well as species- and type-specific constraints that map to distinct host interactions.

This study shows that the soluble guanylate cyclase GCY-35 responds to increased oxygen and that a neural globin, GLB-5, is involved in sensing reduced oxygen. The behavioural response to GLB-5 activation involves the neuropeptide receptor NPR-1, and both glb-5 and npr-1 show natural variation amongst different Caenorhabditis elegans strains.

Burr and Auckland et. al develop MitoPerturb-Seq, which combines single-cell screening with multiomics to link nuclear genes to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) dynamics. They unveil core regulators of mtDNA copy number and characterize cell-cycle delays and transcriptional stress in response to mtDNA depletion.

Soil microbial populations bloom and then die-off in ecosystems with seasonal snowpack. This study showed that distinct taxa utilize different N sources for growth or energy during the microbial bloom and alter the fate of N after snowmelt.

Structural and biochemical studies of influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (FluPol) in complex with transcribing host RNA polymerase II reveal the molecular mechanisms of RNA cap snatching by FluPol.

Large-scale computational and in vitro analyses identify commensal type III secretion systems and substrates in the human gut microbiome that can interact with human proteins to modulate immune pathways.

Inherited mitochondrial DNA mutations can result in diverse clinical phenotypes. Here, the authors characterise a heteroplasmic tRNA^Ala mutation (m.5019A>G) in mice and demonstrate that macrophages carrying this mutation display altered function and metabolism in vitro, along with increased type I IFN release following LPS challenge in vivo.

Insights into regulatory T cell biology are accelerating therapeutic innovation in cancer immunotherapy, autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection.

Tuberculosis is a major global health threat. Here, the authors develop a single-cell drug discovery approach and identify a compound that tunes bacterial phenotypic variation. This enhances the activity of anti-tubercular drugs against the pathogen.

Using intracranial recordings and stimulation, Woolnough et al. map in space and time the neural systems that enable us to read efficiently.

Neural crest cells have been implicated in heart development, yet the mechanisms by which they act have remained elusive. Here, the authors show neural crest cells modulate Wnt signalling in cardiac progenitors, providing new insight into the mechanisms underpinning congenital heart defects.

Lasing with multi-pass gain is achieved in a diamond-based X-ray cavity at the European XFEL, opening a path to next-generation X-ray science.

Here the authors provide an explanation for 95% of examined predicted loss of function variants found in disease-associated haploinsufficient genes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), underscoring the power of the presented analysis to minimize false assignments of disease risk.

The Evaluation and Enhancement (EVEN) method optimizes automatically the quality of multichannel microscopy images affected by uneven illumination, enabling accurate visual interpretation and image analysis in challenging imaging scenarios.

Fas ligand (FasL) regulates immunotherapeutic cancer-cell death. Here, the authors show a human-specific amino-acid substitution which renders human FasL more susceptible for plasmin cleavage and is relevant for the efficacy of T-cell-based immunotherapies.

Precise and reliable gene delivery remains technically challenging. Here, the authors show that rationally designed frameshifting splicing can be used to express genes only in targeted cell types, with the potential to enhance the specificity AAV gene delivery.

A single ultrashort pulse from X-ray free-electron laser is shown to produce a submicron, with >1,000 length-to-diameter aspect ratio long channel in solid material. The results open a new avenue for development of artificial nanofluidic devices with confinement down to the molecular level.

Here the authors show that mitochondrial RNA leaks into the cytosol of senescent cells through sublethal apoptosis, driving inflammation. Blocking this pathway improves outcomes in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

The chimeric candidate Zika virus vaccine YF-ZIK has been previously shown to confer protection in mice after a single dose regimen. Here the authors further characterise the response to YF-ZIK and show induction of immunity and protection in non-human primates.

A study by Kibe et al. of the translational landscape of HIV-1 reveals alternative translation events, including use of upstream and internal open reading frames, an RNA fold regulating gag-pol frameshifting and ribosome collisions, providing new targets for antivirals.

Inhibitor-induced kinase degradation is a common event that positions supercharging of endogenous degradation circuits as an alternative to classical proximity-inducing degraders.

Engineered DNA recombinases efficiently and specifically insert genetic cargos without the use of landing pads.

Drosophila Microproteins Simba1/2 act in neural stem cells and blood-brain-barrier glia to promote reactivation of neural stem cells via activating WNT/Wingless signaling, while human ortholog ZNF706 is found to have a conserved role in activating WNT pathway.

The relative contribution of lipid catabolism on fasting-induced longevity was unknown. Authors showed lifespan extension from fasting depend on silencing lipid catabolism upon nutrient replenishment through phosphorylation of NHR-49 by KIN-19.