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A study provides insights into how distinct Bacteroides strains oppositely regulate depressive-like behavior through a gut–Th1/Th17–brain immune axis, revealing microbiota-driven mechanisms underlying depression.

Traditional fullerene-based electron transport layers in tin perovskite solar cells are costly and limit power conversion efficiency. Tianpeng Li et al. report low-cost fluorinated polymers as alternatives, achieving a certified 14.51% efficiency on 1-cm² devices.

Modeling antibody-antigen complexes boosts biomedical research and therapeutic design. To tackle slow antibody development, the authors’ tFold System designs epitope-specific antibodies, with their nanomolar affinities experimentally confirmed.

A molecular interfacial layer optimizes hole transport in tin-based perovskite solar cells, improving energy-level alignment and enhancing hole extraction efficiency.

A low-cost and efficient high-temperature oxygen evolution reaction electrode is a big challenge. Here, the authors report an iron-base electrode with an in situ formed lithium ferrite for enhanced stability and catalytic activity in molten carbonate and chloride salts and achieve kiloampere-scale electrolysis.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Pd catalysts are promising for methane-to-methanol conversion, but structure–performance links remain unclear. This study uses facet-controlled Pd nanocrystals, revealing {111}-facets enhance methanol yield via optimal intermediate adsorption.

Two phase 2 trials, along with translational analysis of prospective cohorts and experimental analysis, indicate that immunosenescence as a mechanism of resistance to immunotherapy can be overcome with the senolytics dasatinib and quercetin in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Here the authors identify genetic loci for asthma in East Asians using multi-trait GWAS. A CD36 missense variant shows protective effects and is validated through multi-omics, offering insights into asthma mechanisms and precision therapy.

Bone-tendon interface repair is a challenge due to the transition between tissues. Here the authors report on magnetic Janus hydrogel microrobots loaded with dual bioactive ions for controlling cell phenotype and structure to promote healing of the bone-tendon interface in rotator cuff tear reconstruction surgery.

Gold nanoclusters show promise as photothermal materials, but are often thermally unstable. Here ligand engineering is used to integrate molecular rotors with gold nanoclusters to dissipate thermal energy and improve photothermal therapy performance.

Estimates from the Global Dietary Database indicated that 2.2 million new type 2 diabetes and 1.2 million new cardiovascular disease cases were attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages worldwide in 2020, with the highest burdens in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.

Structure-based generative chemistry is crucial in computer-aided drug discovery. Here, authors propose PMDM, a conditional generative model for 3D molecule generation tailored to specific targets. Extensive experiments demonstrate that PMDM can effectively generate rational bioactive molecules

nip-Type tin-based perovskite solar cells have underperformed largely due to the metal oxide electron transport layers originally designed for lead-based devices. Here, authors employ metal chalcogenide as the electron transport layer, achieving enhanced efficiency up to 11.78% for stable devices.

DNA methylation data of whole blood from Han Chinese individuals are used to map mQTLs, finding that cis- and trans-mQTLs show distinct patterns of East Asians (EA) ancestry-specific colocalization with complex trait variation.

Recent estimates of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake are generally unavailable. Here the authors show a global SSBs intake of 2.7 servings/week in 2018 in adults (range: 0.7 South Asia, 7.8 Latin America/Caribbean); intakes were higher among males, younger, more educated, and urban adults.

An analysis based on data from the Global Dietary Database shows mean animal-sourced food intakes among children and adolescents increased modestly from 1990 to two portions per day in 2018, but remain low in sub-Saharan Africa, India and Bangladesh.

The dysregulation of the m⁶A epitranscriptomic networks have been reported to contribute to the development of gliomas. Here, the authors utilize induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes with a p53 mutation and demonstrate that mutant p53 upregulates the m⁶A reader YTHDF2, resulting in the initiation of gliomas.

Dietary quality is reported at the global, regional and national level across 185 countries. Though diet quality increased modestly since 1990 at the global level, in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa it did not improve. In some regions, children’s dietary quality is lower than that of adults.

Combining expansion microscopy (ExM) with lightsheet imaging can enable fast 3D visualisation of biological structures at high-resolution, but such approaches can be hindered by several limitations. By using potassium acrylate-based hydrogels, the authors perform large-volume ExM with Bessel lightsheet microscopy, achieving high-resolution imaging of cellular structures within the fly brain.

Acidic electrochemical CO₂ conversion is a promising alternative to overcome low CO₂ utilization. Here, the authors report a robust carbon coated tip-like In₂O₃ electrocatalyst that demonstrates an enhanced activity for the direct production of HCOOH in a strongly acidic and low K⁺ electrolyte.

Despite recent progress, machine learning methods remain inadequate in modeling the natural protein-protein interaction (PPI) hierarchy for PPI prediction. Here, the authors present a double-viewed hierarchical graph learning model, HIGH-PPI, to predict PPIs and extrapolate the molecular details involved.

Modeling analysis from the Global Dietary Database estimated that 70% of new global cases of type 2 diabetes are attributable to suboptimal intake of 11 dietary factors, with substantial differences in dietary risks across world regions and nations.

DsbA-L upregulation prevents lipid-induced renal injury in diabetic nephropathy. Here, the authors show that DsbA-L knockout attenuates tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice, and show that this occurs via activation of Smad3 and p53, which result in modulation of CTGF, a regulator of kidney fibrosis.

Multispectral images suffer of pixel and position mismatch, due to the multiple sensor approach. Here, Li et al., demonstrate a flexible PbS colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) photodiode array with a broadband response range from X-ray to near infrared, enabling multi-spectral images by one single sensor.

Li et al. show that the retinoic acid derivative acitretin activates HIV-1 transcription in latently infected T cells and induces RIG-I signaling, which leads to cell death and suggests an approach to reduce the HIV reservoir.

It has been challenging to perform super-resolution imaging in large volumes due to aberrations encountered. Here, the authors combine single-wavelength Bessel lightsheet localization microscopy with tissue clearing techniques and image neurons across the whole brain of adult fruit flies.

The direct oxidation of methane to methanol occurs in two steps that are difficult to control. Here, the authors use the OH binding strength as a descriptor to optimize the trade-off effect between the two pathways over Pd_xAu_y catalysts.

Colloidal quantum dot photodetectors can be integrated with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor readout integrated circuits, resulting in low-cost, high-resolution infrared imagers.

Interfaces for epidermal virtual reality technology are demonstrated that can communicate by programmable patterns of localized mechanical vibrations.

It is challenging to integrate multi-single metal atoms into one support. In this work, the authors demonstrate the production of high-entropy single-atom catalysts via a movable typing method, which enables the anchor up to eleven metals as highly dispersed single-atom active centers on the carbon support for the oxygen reduction reaction.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a urogenital cancer with a well-defined genetic landscape. Here, the authors analyse the clonal architecture of ccRCC patients from three populations, and find prognostic subtypes linked to immune infiltrates and clonal architecture.

The realization of atomically flat vertical 2D perovskite heterojunctions offers a novel materials platform that reveals the mechanism of anionic diffusion in 2D perovskites.

Asprosin, a recently identified secreted hormone from adipose tissue, acts centrally to promote food intake.

Efficient hydrogen production and utilization materials will be crucial in order to compete with fossil fuel technologies. Here, authors report nickel and nickel nitride interfaces as effected catalysts for hydrogen evolution and oxidation in water.

Large language models have received great attention owing to their capabilities to understand and generate human language. This Review aims to provide an overview of the development and deployment of large language models in medicine, including the challenges and opportunities they face.