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While AI has the potential to improve accuracy and efficiency in breast cancer diagnosis, it remains to be sufficiently tested in complex real-world clinical scenarios. Here, the authors develop BIRD, an end-to-end AI system for breast cancer recognition from ultrasound images, which is tested across large, diverse, and international cohorts.

Part of the Hong Kong Genome Project, genomic analyses of more than 20,000 participants provide information on clinically relevant variants for the Chinese population and offer insights on the implementation of genomic medicine initiatives.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Previous studies of vortex Majorana zero modes (MZMs) in iron-based superconductors have predominantly considered the case where magnetic field is parallel to the Dirac axis. Here, the authors focus on vortices oriented perpendicular to the Dirac axis, finding that such vortices are more favorable for observing vortex MZMs.

Developing multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests based on cfDNA or protein markers holds great promise for effective cancer screening. Here, the authors show a sensitive, non-invasive pan-cancer detection method that concurrently detects the oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS) glycans and its protein backbone in plasma.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

A programmable photonic quantum processor, Jiuzhang 4.0, incorporates 1,024 high-efficiency squeezed states into a hybrid spatial–temporal encoded 8,176-mode circuit.

Population genomics has primarily focused on sequence polymorphisms rather than gene expression diversity. Here, the conduct RNA-seq for 328 common wheat lines to investigate the role of gene expression variation in shaping agronomic traits and their contributions to modern wheat improvement.

This study delineates lifespan changes in the sensorimotor-association gradient using multimodal neuroimaging data from 33,247 participants, revealing a pattern aligned with evolutionary, structural, and cognitive hierarchies within a unified neurodevelopmental framework.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Dong and colleagues report that blockade of T cell-expressed cytotoxic and regulatory T cell molecule results in selective mitigation of immune-related toxicities without affecting antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

During chemotherapy Endonuclease G triggers chromosomal breakage and leukemogenic rearrangements in hematopoietic cells. Here the authors identify a peptide derived from Ku80 antagonizing this mutagenic effect through specific Endonuclease G inhibition.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

In this work, authors show that Legionella YopJ-family acetyltransferase effector subverts host immunity through a dual mechanism against the JAK-STAT pathway; inactivating JAK1 activity by lysine acetylation and blocking its corresponding receptor binding via direct interaction.

Host cell protein degradation machinery including the lysosome is involved in the processing and degradation of protein antigens. Here the authors develop lysosomal targeting vaccine approaches and test these in murine models of influenza infection.

The cellular makeup of the primate cochlea, crucial for hearing, remains poorly understood. Here, authors show a detailed map of primate cochlear cells, revealing both conserved and species-specific features.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Conventional theories for interfacial thermal transport are derived from bulk phonon properties. Here, the authors report experimental observation of interfacial phonon modes localized at interfaces, changing how interfacial thermal transport should be understood.

Geographic patterns of leaf endophytic diazotrophs in Kandelia obovata are shaped by stochastic assembly and dispersal limitation, with soil nutrients, especially total sulfur, driving community structure and stability across coastal regions.

Materials with ultra-low densities can display a range of useful properties, ranging from compressibility to sound absorption. Here, the authors report the fabrication of ultra-lightweight materials by the assembly of electrospun nanofibres into an aerogel and examine the mechanical properties.

The authors propose a method that unifies finite element methods and machine learning by using neural operators as elements to model complex subdomains, yielding an efficient and scalable numerical framework with highly reusable machine learning models.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

By tracing promoter expression in lineage-mapped single cells, Xu et al. present a whole-body cartography of microRNA transcriptional activities during C. elegans embryogenesis and demonstrate its broad utility in multifaceted functional analyses.

Over half of the wood harvested globally is used as fuel. Unsustainable harvesting can deplete woody biomass, contributing to forest degradation, deforestation and climate change. A spatially explicit assessment of pan-tropical woodfuel supply and demand is used to estimate where harvest exceeds regrowth and the resultant GHG emissions for 2009.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

Single-cell sequencing has enabled detailed analyses of the tumour microenvironment (TME). Here, the authors perform an integrative analysis of the TME using single-cell and spatial transcriptomics data from over a thousand tumours across thirty cancer types, identifying interferon-enriched community states predictive of immunotherapeutic responses.

Human organoids offer experimental models that closely replicate human biology, enabling the investigation of infectious disease mechanisms across diverse organ systems, especially for viral pathogens. This Review highlights their applications in studying host–virus interactions, supporting therapeutic and vaccine development, and improving pandemic preparedness, while emphasizing the need for greater complexity, standardization and scalability.

Preparation of phosphorescent materials from bio-based materials is desirable, but achieving the desired properties can be challenging. Here, the authors report the development of 3D printable woody materials by grafting carboxyl functional groups onto lignocellulose matrices.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

The transformation of waste sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants into valuable resources is fraught with challenges due to its complex composition. The approach proposed here efficiently upcycles trace redox-reactive transition metals present in sludge into single-atom catalysts, offering the dual benefit of effective sludge disposal and enhanced water purification.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.