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Oat consumption, particularly a short-term, high-dose oat diet, improves metabolic health in individuals with metabolic syndrome by increasing microbially produced phenolic metabolites, leading to lower blood cholesterol levels.

In vitro models using tissue-specific progenitors recapitulate the lumen with gland-like structures and functional characteristics of the human stomach epithelium in a patient-specific disease model.

Fragmentation patterns of cell-free DNA are a promising biomarker source, however, correlations with different cancer types are heterogenous. Here, the authors develop LIONHEART to enable detection of 14+ cancer types from whole genome sequenced cell-free DNA.

Superlubric arrays of double-bilayer graphene enable elastically coupled switching between Bernal and rhombohedral graphene polytypes under shear forces below 1 nN with an estimated energy cost of less than 1 fJ per switching event.

High-resolution 3D simulations reveal that rotation dramatically amplifies wave-driven mixing in red giant stars, providing a natural explanation for observed changes in surface chemistry that have long puzzled astronomers.

Although our nearest neighbour, the Andromeda galaxy, is falling towards us, slightly more distant galaxies all move away with the cosmic expansion because they are being pulled by a giant dark matter sheet.

Integrating complex multi-omics data for individual patient decision making can be challenging. Here, the authors develop Knowledge Connector as a decision support system to generate and document Molecular Tumor Board recommendations and support medical decision-making.

A cavity-array microscope is realized using intra-cavity lenses to create a two-dimensional array of over 40 modes, each coupled to a single atom in free-space.

Although noise is typically detrimental to quantum devices, it can serve as a resource for quantum thermal machines. Here, the authors demonstrate a device based on a superconducting quantum circuit that leverages noise to function as either a quantum heat engine or a refrigerator.

A platform using matched patient-derived lung tumouroids and healthy lung organoids enables accurate examination of patient responses to CAR T therapy and offers a faithful framework for improved CAR T design.

Here, the authors use the diurnal upside-down jellyfish and the crepuscular starlet sea anemone as simple nerve net models to examine the potential evolutionary origins of sleep. They describe and define sleep patterns in these species, finding that sleep deprivation increases neuronal DNA damage and that sleep facilitates genome stability.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

The perceived toxicity of organometallic reagents has limited their use in living systems. Now it has been shown that balancing flexible chelation with biocompatible ligands without precluding chemical reactivity enables organonickel-mediated S-arylation inside cells. This reaction enables deep chemical surveys of reactive proteins and covalent tracking of intracellular viral and bacterial pathogens.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Li and colleagues describe a monocyte-specific transcriptional state along with a persistent elevation of inflammatory markers specifically found in individuals with long COVID who had mild-to-moderate disease during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Respiratory virus genomic surveillance output is unevenly distributed globally. Here, the authors show that addressing this imbalance could substantially reduce the time to first detection of novel (variant) viruses, enhancing surveillance effectiveness and efficiency.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Removing fossil fuel subsidy could reduce the CO₂ emissions and improve the use of government budget, while the feasibility is in doubt. This research demonstrates the public attitudes in developing countries are not worse than that for carbon tax, and better use of the public fund is preferred.

Gravitational lens modelling of a million-solar-mass dark object reveals that it cannot be a free-floating black hole or dark-matter halo as predicted by cold dark matter, instead indicating a peculiar and highly concentrated mass distribution.

There is a need for an easy-to-use clinical tool, that could predict favorable early PSA response and subsequently enhance early risk stratification, as well as guide treatment planning. Here, the authors show that based on patient data from four phase III randomized trials, Nadir androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (APRI)- Derived Integrative Response (NADIR) model predicts favorable early PSA response to ≤0.2 ng/mL by 6 months in metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) patients initiating treatment with an APRI.

This study applies a global food and land system modelling framework to quantify the impact of 23 food system measures on 15 outcome indicators related to public health, the environment, social inclusion and the economy—from today until 2050.

A bookkeeping approach shows that disturbed tropical humid forests experienced net aboveground carbon loss during 1990–2020, primarily driven by small but persistent deforestation clearings owing to persistent land-use conversion without forest regrowth.

Baked sediment, heat-shattered artefacts and introduced pyrite in a 400,000-year-old Palaeolithic occupation site in Suffolk, UK provide evidence of intentional fire-making, marking a pivotal moment in human development.

Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global health threat, necessitating swift and precise diagnostic solutions. Here, the authors introduce a culture-free diagnostic platform integrating microfluidic cell enrichment, single-cell Raman spectroscopy, and deep learning, that identifies bacterial and fungal infections directly from clinical samples within 20 minutes.

Spatially resolved gene expression during barley development was done by integrating an scRNA-seq dataset from cells with unknown position with spatial transcriptomics. This dataset is publicly available through the online web-based BARVISTA application.

Borsa et al. show that asymmetric T cell division after activation requires autophagy to promote mitochondrial turnover, with T cells inheriting older mitochondria showing decreased degradation, reduced memory potential and altered metabolism.

A highly chemoselective and enantioselective cross-electrophile coupling using ‘ene’-reductases is reported, and photoexcited enzymes demonstrate the ability to carry out reactions between electrophiles that are not known for small-molecule catalysis.

How inflammation spreads from the skin to the joints in psoriatic disease is unclear. Here, the authors show that joint-resident fibroblasts can control differentiation of infiltrating skin-derived myeloid precursors that can become inflammatory macrophages.

Precise matching of reaction rate and electric potential of electrodes in paired electrolysis is challenging. Here, the authors develop paired-electrolysis-enabled nickel-catalyzed enantioselective reductive cross-coupling of α-chloroesters and aryl bromides.

The engagement of immunological memory is a key component to the protective anti-SARS-CoV-2 B and T cell responses. Here the authors assess the B and T cells of a cohort of UK healthcare workers in response to infection and longitudinally track the compartment showing distinct trajectories following early priming.

The authors present the results of a phase I/II clinical trial using autologous CD133+ bone marrow stem cell therapy to restore fertility in patients with Asherman Syndrome. The intervention was safe and showed promising results for the restoration of menstruation and reproductive function.

Activity-based protein profiling identifies covalent small molecules that potentiate the activity of the METTL5:TRMT112 complex through binding to a complexoform-restricted allosteric pocket absent in other TRMT112:methyltransferase complexes

There is a growing body of research on disease clusters in multimorbidity, necessitating a systematic review and meta-analysis of methods and findings. Here, the authors show the range of methods applied, and identify six disease clusters with moderate stability across the multimorbidity literature.

Early- and late-onset preeclampsia pose serious maternal-fetal risks, yet non-invasive early prediction remains challenging. Here, the authors show that cfRNA signatures reveal distinct decidual and multiorgan signals, enabling accurate, externally validated prediction of both subtypes.

Understanding the dual role of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin antibodies in influenza transmission is crucial for enhancing vaccine efficacy. Here, the authors use household transmission studies and mathematical models and find that neuraminidase immunity reduces infectivity, suggesting vaccines targeting both glycoproteins could lower community transmission and offer broader protection.

There are a large number of chemical transformations in which alkenes act as the reactants and/or the products of the reaction, but methods enabling the facile synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted Z alkenes are scarce. This paper describes catalytic Z-selective cross-metathesis reactions of terminal enol ethers, which have not been reported previously,and allylic amides, used thus far only in E-selective processes. The utility of this methodology is demonstrated by its use in syntheses of anti oxidant C18 (plasm)-16:0 (PC), found in electrically active tissues and implicated in Alzheimer's disease, and the potent immunostimulant KRN7000.

Single cell transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility uncover the gene networks underlying planarian cell type differentiation, revealing insights into the combinatorial logic of planarian cell fate specification.

Understanding the growth dynamics of GBMs can help expand therapeutic options. Here, authors use a cross-species computational approach to compare GBM cells to healthy neural stem cells, identifying predictors and modulators of tumour growth, including the Wnt antagonist, SFRP1, which stalls growth in preclinical xenograft models.

Tumour-reactive CD8⁺ T cells are enriched in functional clusters with tumour cells and/or antigen-presenting cells and can be isolated and expanded from clinical samples.

Current short-pulse-duration neutron sources suffer from a low repetition rate, hindering applications. Here, the authors demonstrate advancements of laser-wakefield based photoneutron generation at high repetition rates and conversion efficiencies, providing an alternative to traditional pitcher-catcher methods.

Scourzic et al. show that germinal centre B cells display an enhanced ability to reprogram to induced pluripotent stem cells compared to mature B cells. This ability indicates their higher plasticity level and is T follicular helper cell-dependent.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infects humans and causes chronic arthritic diseases, yet information on CHIKV immune epitopes is still lacking. Here the authors stimulate peripheral blood cells from CHIKV patients with a peptide pool covering the full CHIKV proteome to define CD4 + T cell epitopes as well as to map cross-reactivity with closely related alphaviruses.

The literature assumes that intergroup contact is naturally occurring, positive and consistently associated with positive outcomes, but these premises are inconsistent with everyday intergroup contact experiences. In this Perspective, Paolini et al. propose that variations in contact valence and environmental affordances for self-selection influence segregation dynamics, leading to stable trajectories of contact and intergroup bias.

Understanding tumor heterogeneity and its impact on prostate cancer progression remains elusive. Here, single nucleus snATAC and snRNA sequencing of a multi-loci sampled cohort of advanced prostate cancer patients identifies an inflammatory-like state underlying metastatic dissemination to the lymph nodes.

Here the authors show that tissue-resident memory and exhausted T cells in tumors are distinct populations that are shaped by relative presence or absence of TCR signals, suggesting that a tailored therapeutic strategy is needed to target each subset.

In this work, functional antibodies against the cancer-related GPCR NTS1 were generated by immunizing chickens with in silico-designed 3D peptides, offering a strategy for GPCR targeting with potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Three BRAF inhibitors are used to treat melanoma and colorectal cancer. Here, the authors demonstrate that these drugs bind and activate the protein kinase GCN2, a previously unappreciated off-target effect that may modulate tumour cell responses.