Search

Indoor air surveillance could be used to track respiratory pathogen transmission but has not been extensively validated at the community scale. Here, the authors monitor four respiratory pathogens at ten sites across two respiratory virus seasons in Chicago, USA and compare to trends in wastewater and clinical data.

Mosquito-borne infections such as West Nile Virus are emerging in Europe. Here, the authors investigate how West Nile Virus infection rates in mosquitoes vary in different urban environments in Berlin.

In a cerebral organoid model, Ebola virus persists by infecting neurons, astrocytes and microglia, driving local inflammation, cell-specific responses, viral adaptation and cell-to-cell spread.

N-aryl pyrazole is a prevalent motif among pharmaceuticals across various therapeutic areas but can be challenging to synthesize due to the high similarity of the two nitrogen atoms. Now it has been shown that the use of copper catalysis and arynes provides a switchable protocol to access both regioisomers.

Analyses of snRNA genes in a French cohort of people with rare disorders, with validation through international collaboration, identify monoallelic and biallelic variants in RNU2-2 as frequent causes of neurodevelopmental disorders with epilepsy.

Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have limited therapeutic options. Here the authors show that functionally impaired NK cells contribute to immune escape of pre-malignant clones in early stage MDS and that NK adoptive cell therapy can be considered to prevent or delay the development of MDS.

A high-throughput screening system enables the study of drug retention and absorption in the oesophagus to quickly identify effective drug formulations that overcome rapid transit time and the selective permeability of the tissue.

A direct, dynamical black-hole mass measurement in a strongly lensed little red dot at high redshift indicates that it is a massive black-hole seed caught in its earliest accretion phase.

Exposome analyses across 34 countries showed that social exposures were associated with faster functional brain aging and physical exposures with faster structural brain aging.

The authors identify glucose-derived conversion of citrate to acetyl-CoA upstream of histone acetylation as modulating the regional dynamics of oligodendrocyte progenitors, with extranuclear acetyl-CoA from other sources being used for myelination.

Sustainable logging and improved forest management in the Congo Basin sustain livelihoods and boost carbon retention. Yet half of regional carbon storage remains vulnerable to unmanaged conversion, threatening climate mitigation and biodiversity.

The risk of chronic health conditions attributed to lifestyle factors in childhood cancer survivors is not clear. Here, the authors report that significant proportion of chronic health conditions in childhood cancer survivors could be attributed to lifestyle.

A geospatial levelized cost model shows that green hydrogen imports from Africa to Europe remain uncompetitive without major policy support. De-risking policies and strategic site selection are key, but major risks remain.

Zehr et al. revealed the 2.7-Å cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of human microtubules in situ in the axon of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell)-derived neurons. It shows an expanded microtubule lattice yet bound to GDP, in contrast to the compacted lattice observed at the iPS cell stage.

RNA velocity is a widely used method to predict the fate of single cells. Here the authors show that the concept can be adapted to predict the fate of individual human subjects, using RNA velocity of whole blood at a single point in time to predict future clinical outcomes and treatment responses.

Part of the Hong Kong Genome Project, genomic analyses of more than 20,000 participants provide information on clinically relevant variants for the Chinese population and offer insights on the implementation of genomic medicine initiatives.

Castro-Dopico et al. report the design of reagents to bridge F-actin and Fcγ receptors, endowing a range of antigen-presenting cells with the ability to cross-present antigens from dead tumor cells and boosting antitumor immunity in preclinical models.

In a biomarker-driven trial evaluating radiotherapy with erlotinib, everolimus or dasatinib in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, the primary endpoint of overall survival was not met, but features associated with long-term survival were defined, and everolimus emerged as a potential candidate for further testing.

Wild meat is a fundamental component of the diets of rural Central African populations, accounting for 20% of the recommended daily protein intake, compared with 13% and 6% for those living in towns and cities.

How the brain transforms perceived number into corresponding numbers of self-generated actions is unknown. Here, the authors show that neurons in primate ventral intraparietal area are tuned to the number of intended actions during motor planning.

JWST has produced some of the first spatially resolved spectroscopic observations of massive quiescent galaxies less than 2 Gyr after the Big Bang, revealing a kinematically unique galaxy that shows little-to-no rotational support.

Oxytocin promotes social behaviors, but its cortical targets remain unclear. Here, authors show that oxytocin activates local interneurons in the rat prefrontal cortex, enhancing sociability through top-down control of the basolateral amygdala.

The mechanisms driving reversible dedifferentiation events towards a drug-tolerant persister (DTP) state remain to be explored. Here, multi-omics, information-theoretic approaches and dynamic systems modelling highlight the role of the oxidative-stress–mediated NF-κB/RelA axis in driving the transition towards DTP across multiple cancer types.

Across more than 12,000 MRI scans, the authors show that features discarded during feature selection can rival top-ranked ones in predicting behaviour yet imply different brain circuits, warning that focusing only on top features can mislead neurobiology.

The two species of African elephants are facing severe declines. Here, authors assess their continent-wide genomic diversity, identifying differences in their evolutionary histories and highlighting the formative role of gene flow.

GLP-1–GIP–lanifibranor, a single-molecule agonist of GLP-1R, GIPR, PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, shows promising therapeutic efficacy against obesity-linked metabolic dysfunction in vitro and in mouse models via synergistic incretin and PPAR activity.

ATF6α activation in human and preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype characterized by reduced survival, glycolytic reprogramming and local immunosuppression.

Here, the authors propose the Antarctic Ecosystem Value Index, an Earth systems model-based measure of marine ecological value. The index identifies potential present and future high-value locations, which often fall within coastal polynyas.

This Review explores in detail the complexity of NK cell biology in humans and highlights the role of these cells in cancer immunity.

In this work, authors show that alpibectir boosts ethionamide efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by enhancing its bioactivation and also shows intrinsic activity. The ethionamide-alpibectir combination (AlpE) is bactericidal in mice and active against drug-resistant strains.

Pathogenic variants in UNC13A underlie a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome, with three subtypes defined by distinct genotypes with varying clinical and functional impacts characterized in cellular and animal models.

In this phase 1/2 trial, patients with Ewing sarcoma received trabectedin and low-dose irinotecan at concentrations known to inhibit the activity of the transcription factor EWS::FLI1, leading to encouraging clinical response rates.

Here, the authors show that two genes encoding KATANIN p60 in maize promote growth and fertility via proper cell expansion and division. Aberrant microtubule organization in mutants alters cell shape, delays G1, and disrupts preprophase band formation and nuclear positioning.

Geisbert and colleagues report that African green monkeys infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus develop disease symptoms that closely resemble those seen in infected humans, making this animal model a useful surrogate to investigate immune responses to coronavirus infection.

The mosquito fat body plays key roles in metabolism and immunity. Here, using single-nuclei transcriptomics the authors reveal that blood feeding induces extensive transcriptomic changes, endoreplication and metabolic shifts in fat body trophocytes, while oenocytes respond to immune priming.

The mechanisms of increased EPAS1 transcription in clear cell renal cell carcinoma remain to be explored. Here, the authors propose a regulatory circuitry of EPAS1 expression which is dependent on HIF and lineage-specific transcription factors.

The secondary neuroinflammatory immune response determines the overall clinical outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here, the authors show in a mouse TBI model that NF-kB activation in astrocytes is a pathological mechanism limiting beneficial CNS wound healing.

Climate change can alter when and how animals grow, breed, and migrate, but it is unclear whether this allows populations to persist. This global study shows that shifts in seasonal timing are key to helping vertebrate species maintain population growth under global warming.

XCR1+ type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s) are crucial to mount anti-tumor immune responses, however their infiltration within tumours is often limited. Here the authors show that cDC1 infiltration could be expanded by intratumoral delivery of mesenchymal stromal cells engineered to express the membrane bound form of FLT3L in combination with poly(I:C) or CXCL9 and CCL5, improving anti-tumor immunity in preclinical models.

In this study, Yu et al. found that a positive feedback loop between oxidized phosphatidylcholine and IL-1β promotes chronic neurodegeneration in the central nervous system and could be a contributing mechanism to progressive multiple sclerosis.

In this work, authors develop a “mini-bladder” model with a perfusable lumen that reveals how urine and its solute composition impact tissue resilience and enables cell-wall-deficient uropathogenic Escherichia coli to persist in tissues and drive recurrence in urinary tract infections.

Here the authors compare genetic testing strategies in rare movement disorders, improve diagnostic yield with genome analysis, and establish CD99L2 as an X-linked spastic ataxia gene, showing that CD99L2–CAPN1 signaling disruption likely drives neurodegeneration.

An updated meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identified 91 risk loci for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias among individuals of European ancestry, of which 56 loci were specifically detected in clinically diagnosed AD cases.

Both environmental factors and genetic factors influence human immunity. Albert and colleagues leverage data from the Milieu Intérieur Consortium to comprehensively describe the effects of lifestyle, environment and genetics on human innate and adaptive immunity.

The intracellular applications of STED microscopy are limited by the availability of dyes. Here the authors develop a two-colour labelling strategy based on SiR and ATTO590 dyes, and apply their strategy to image various subcellular membrane compartments.