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Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Retroelement transcripts-derived double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) can trigger innate immune responses in cancer through a process known as viral mimicry. Here the authors show that METTL3, the writer of m6A modification, regulates the abundance of steady-state dsRNAs and it could be targeted together with DNA methyltransferases to enhance viral mimicry in colorectal cancer therapy.

Targeted protein degradation has huge potential, but phenotype-specific degradation remains a difficulty. Here, a phase-separation biomolecular condensates as an intracellular degradation agent is developed, combining antibody-guided recognition with direct proteasome recruitment to enable phenotype-selective protein clearance.

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate gene expression, but predicting RBP–RNA interactions across species is challenging. Here, the authors introduce MuSIC, a deep learning framework leveraging label smoothing and evolutionary conservation across 11 species to predict cross-species RBP–RNA interactions.

The sustainable recycling of platinum group metals requires task-specific adsorbents that offer both high extraction efficiency and environmental compatibility. Here, the authors report porous organic polymer-based nanotraps for rhodium extraction, functionalized with pincer-type chelators, whose installation was realized by mechanochemical imine bond formation.

Direct conversion of dimethyl ether to liquid fuels is an appealing one-step route to high-octane gasoline but achieving effective metal–acid synergy remains challenging. Here, the authors introduce an induction-programming strategy that converts NiO_x/ZSM-5 into a cooperative Ni/NiₓC/ZSM-5 interface under reaction conditions, enabling the production of isoparaffin-rich gasoline.

Enhancer-promoter configuration influences transcription, but its kinetic basis was unclear. Here, the authors use live imaging in Drosophila embryos to show that distance controls initiation, while downstream enhancers reduce mRNA output by ~70% by destabilising interactions.

Rapid methods to identify antigen-specific T cells are essential for developing targeted immunotherapies. Here the authors present a high-throughput MHC class II single-chain trimer platform for the comprehensive profiling of CD4⁺ T cells, enabling the rapid identification and characterization of virus- and tumour-specific T cell receptors (TCR) at single-cell resolution.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Polygenic risk scores vary with genetic ancestry. Here, the authors develop a framework to calibrate for genetic ancestry in these scores that leverages admixture analysis, separating out the ancestry-specific component of polygenic risk scores.

Most PRS models focus on common variants, overlooking rare variant contributions. Here, the authors present RICE, a PRS framework that integrates common and rare genetic variants to strengthen polygenic risk prediction across ancestries.

PTCHD1-AS, which encodes a long non-coding RNA, is associated with the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder in humans through striatal molecular and circuit-level dysregulation.

Authors use machine learning to predict plasmid copy numbers across diverse ecosystems. They identify protein domains as one of the key determinants and reveal ecological trends relevant to antibiotic resistance surveillance.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Owen et al. used single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to analyze graft cells in heart transplants with cardiac allograft vasculopathy, showing that vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages drive interferon-mediated inflammation and that JAK signaling blockade prolongs allograft survival.

Short-read sequencing-based approaches are limited to gene-level expression and cannot identify full-length transcript isoforms. Here, the authors apply single-cell long-read RNA sequencing to glioblastoma and identify tumor-specific isoforms and peptides deriving from them as neoantigens.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

Here, using multi-omics, the authors show that MASLD is associated with alterations in gut bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and identify potential disruptions in phage-bacteria-metabolite interactions, highlighting microbial signatures and ecological changes linked to disease.

This study explored ATP synthase as a target for PET imaging of activated and nonactivated adipose tissue using the radiotracer [¹¹C]J147, providing a potential tool to support drug development for metabolic diseases such as obesity.

New predictions for how temporal stability and resilience depend on their resistance and recovery components are explored.

Accurate characterization of emerging quantum sensors requires an imaging technique that does not depend on defect-specific optical readout. Here, using a NV center in diamond, the authors detect and map boron vacancy defects in hBN via spin cross-relaxation, enabling quantitative nanoscale imaging and spectroscopy without detecting hBN emission.

Authors present a framework that harmonizes electronic health record data across hospitals by integrating medical knowledge, large language models, and graph learning. It enables cross-institutional analysis without sharing patient-level data.

The cellular origin and developmental trajectory of DICER1 syndrome-associated tumors are currently unknown. Here, the authors employ a lineage-traceable genetically modified mouse model for DICER1 syndrome to identify universal fibroblasts as the likely cellular origin of mouse Dicer1 sarcoma and map their developmental trajectory, findings that are validated in human DICER1 mesenchymal tumors.

Chronic diabetic wounds heal poorly due to impaired tissue repair and persistent inflammation. Here, authors demonstrate that a Smad7-based topical biologic accelerates diabetic wound healing by improving epithelial regeneration and reducing inflammatory neutrophil activity.

A large-scale proteomics analysis of the dark proteome by the TransCODE Consortium reveals many translated non-canonical open reading frames to encode microproteins and peptideins.

Improvements in the Articulate Medical Intelligence Explorer, a large language model designed for diagnostic dialogue, enable the model to request, interpret and reason about multimodal medical data.

Androgens have distinct roles in the brain, acting as immune-based tumour suppressors through neuroinflammation and neuroendocrine mechanisms.

Lu et al. report that PCBP1 safeguards AARS2 alternative splicing in the heart, and that loss of PCBP1 disrupts AARS2 splicing, leading to infantile mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. Loss of cardiac PCBP1 or AARS2 impairs oxidative phosphorylation and activates mitonuclear signaling and the unfolded protein response pathway.

Response to vagus nerve stimulation cannot currently be predicted, leaving many children to undergo implantation without benefit. We present a deep representation learning model using preoperative T1-weighted MRI to predict treatment response.

Coronary artery disease has several genetic risk factors. Here, the authors develop a model that combines germline and somatic genetic drivers to predict coronary artery disease risk, identifying high-risk individuals not detected by polygenic risk scores alone.

Three-body low-energy s-wave states play an important role in few-body physics and associated universal phenomena, yet their experimental observation in nuclear system has been elusive. Here, the authors identify the three-body s-wave properties in neutron-rich ¹⁰He nuclei with improved statistics and sensitivities.

Radiocarbon analyses show that dryland soils store organic carbon with a mean age of ~2100 years and release carbon averaging ~520 years old, suggesting that long-stored carbon in drylands is vulnerable to environmental change.

A meta-conveyor technique programs light flows with multichannel metasurfaces, enabling stable nanoparticle transport along arbitrary open-path round-trip movement and on-demand stopping for compact on-chip clinical devices.

A method that combines photopatterning with 10-fold shrinkage can fabricate three-dimensional metastructures with nanoscale features for applications with visible light.

This study develops a platform that enables simultaneous, multiplexed tracing of 30 nitrogen isotope-labelled metabolites, uncovering differences in pyrimidine synthesis pathway choice between primitive and differentiated cells.

An outstanding question about the iron-based superconductors has been whether or not their magnetic characteristics are dominated by itinerant or localized magnetic moments. Absolute measurements and calculations of the magnetic response of undoped and Ni-doped BaFe₂As₂ indicate the latter.

By tuning graphene’s electronic density of states, the study shows electrode electronic structure—not just the electrolyte—dominates reorganization energy and thus controls outer-sphere electron-transfer rates at solid–liquid interfaces.

The radiative impact of microplastic and nanoplastic particles in the atmosphere is not well understood. Here the authors quantify their radiative forcing, finding that they can exceed that of black carbon regionally.

Polymer thin films that emit and absorb circularly polarised light are promising in achieving important technological advances, but the origin of the large chiroptical effects in such films has remained elusive. Here the authors demonstrate that in non-aligned polymer thin films, large chiroptical effects are caused by magneto-electric coupling, not structural chirality as previously assumed.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

A comprehensive ‘digital twin’ of a human organ has been built.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

This study identifies distinct transposable element subfamilies as genetic determinants of stemness properties in normal and leukemic stem populations with clinical implications for patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

This resource leverages spatial and single-cell transcriptomics to investigate lncRNAs in cancer and reports 94,795 previously unannotated lncRNAs and new approaches to infer their functions.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of specialized metabolites is an iterative process. Here, the authors demonstrate a native metabolomics approach that allows for fast screening of complex metabolite extracts against a protein of interest and simultaneous structure annotation.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Among sorbents used in atmospheric water harvesting, hydrogel salt-composites show exceptional performance at a low cost, but their durability remains unexplored. Here the authors systematically study hydrogel-salt composite degradation and its mechanisms under different conditions.

This paper identifies the ‘master regulators’ that maintain cell transcriptional states in diffuse midline gliomas and shows that targeting them in combination could represent a promising therapeutic avenue for the disease.