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A 15-year prospective cohort study found that during times of social unrest in Hong Kong, people experienced more conflicts with family and friends and this coincided with the use of social media—these factors were also associated with higher levels of depression.

This study identifies key neurocognitive domains that distinguish patients with schizophrenia from healthy individuals using machine learning. Analyzing data from 1,304 participants, it demonstrates that verbal learning and emotion identification effectively classify conditions, promoting efficient neurocognitive profiling strategies.

Niche conservatism is a key assumption when planning non-native species management, but it is not always met. This study suggests that regional differences in niche conservatism are primarily transient and thus a matter of time.

TGF-β is a latent complex (L-TGF-β). Latency is conferred by a homodimeric prodomain with a previously undefined domain architecture. Here we define the architecture of the prodomain as domain-swapped providing structural insights into the mechanism of activation of L-TGF-β.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

A Middle Triassic diapsid is presented that has a distinctive crest consisting of integumentary appendages that are structurally distinct from avemetatarsalian feathers.

Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

In a prospective study enrolling 1,222 patients from 22 emergency departments, a device using a machine-learning-based signature of blood mRNAs demonstrated clinically acceptable performance to diagnose bacterial and viral infections and to predict the all-cause need for critical care interventions within 7 days, with benchmark to established biomarkers and risk scores.

They determine four cryo-EM structures of NiV polymerases from different strains and establish RdRp enzymatic assays for anti-NiV drug discovery. A back-priming RdRp activity and the binding between RdRp core and CD domains in NiV L were identified.

A parallel experimental and computational approach was used to predict and prepare intercalated, layered hybrid perovskites, highlighting the breadth and flexibility of intercalation.

Using multi-ancestry genome-wide association study and fine-mapping, 298 loci and 36 credible genes are identified in the aetiology of bipolar disorder.

The parasitic helminth H. polygyrus secretes modular TGF-β mimic proteins to dampen host immunity. Here, the authors show H. polygyrus secretes a related protein which inhibits TGF-β signaling in fibroblasts to minimize fibrotic damage to the host.

A study shows that implants with an adhesive implant–tissue interface mitigate the formation of a fibrous capsule when attached to various organs in mice, rats and pigs.

Genome-wide association analyses of 41,917 bipolar disorder cases and 371,549 controls of European ancestry provide new insights into the etiology of this disorder and identify novel therapeutic leads and potential opportunities for drug repurposing.

Applying WAAFLE to metagenomic data from human samples reveals over 100,000 putative LGTs not currently found in reference genomes, highlighting an underappreciated microbiome phenomenon.

Kim, D’Anniballe et al. examined olfactory tissue from individuals with Long COVID-related anosmia and conducted a randomised pilot trial of topical steroid therapy. They found no persistent viral presence, identified clonally expanded inflammatory T cells, and confirmed the therapy’s safety, supporting the need for larger trials.

Here, the authors identify mechanisms of glycosylation of intrinsically disordered regions present in streptococci membrane proteins, uncovering a functional role for glycosylation in Streptococcus mutans chaperone PrsA.

Activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is important in the metabolic function of proinflammatory T cells in autoimmunity. Here the authors characterise how Rab4A is involved with CD98 and endosome recycling which subsequently affects mTOR activation, autoimmunity and T cell expansion.

A data-efficient and interpretable deep-learning method for the multi-class classification of whole-slide images that relies only on slide-level labels is applied to the detection of lymph node metastasis and to cancer subtyping.

Here, the authors perform a genome-wide association study to identify 157 significant testosterone genetic variants in male veterans, of which 8 are ancestry-specific. Men with higher testosterone genetic scores have lower odds of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, gout, and cardiac disorders.

Deep learning applied to endomyocardial biopsy images, developed using datasets from three different countries, can detect rejection of transplanted hearts and determine the subtype and grade of rejection, with potential for reducing the interobserver variability inherent in manual interpretation of these biopsies.

Analysis of snRNA genes in individuals with rare disorders identifies de novo and recurrent variants in RNU5B-1 and RNU5A-1, in addition to previously unreported cases with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in RNU4-2.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Red blood cells (RBCs) have unique properties that have been exploited for therapeutic uses. Here the authors engineer RBCs to co-express tumor associated antigens on MHC I, 4-1BBL and IL-12, generating artificial antigen presenting cells that can induce antigen-specific T cell responses and antitumor immune responses in preclinical models.

A high-resolution, global atlas of mortality of children under five years of age between 2000 and 2017 highlights subnational geographical inequalities in the distribution, rates and absolute counts of child deaths by age.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

Novak, Lin et al. use AI computational drug prediction and CRISPR-enabled in vivo disease modeling to identify therapeutic strategies for the treatment of Rett syndrome. Findings reveal the therapeutic efficacy of vorinostat in a mouse model of Rett syndrome.

Analysing camera-trap data of 163 mammal species before and after the onset of COVID-19 lockdowns, the authors show that responses to human activity are dependent on the degree to which the landscape is modified by humans, with carnivores being especially sensitive.

Characterizing how genetic variation impacts cell morphology can provide an important links between disease association and cellular function. Here the authors identified the morphological impacts of genomic variants by generating high-throughput morphological profiling and whole genome sequencing data on iPSCs from 297 donors.

When tested in a multiethnic cohort of ~2.5 million US veterans, the PREVENT equations, recently developed by the American Heart Association for sex-specific and race-free prediction of cardiovascular disease risk, were shown to accurately estimate this risk with some variability across race and ethnicity groups and to outperform the previously used pooled cohort equation risk score.

A deep-learning-based algorithm uses routinely acquired histology slides to provide a differential diagnosis for the origin of the primary tumour for complicated cases of metastatic tumours and cancers of unknown primary origin.

In a series of clinically relevant tasks in computational pathology, AI-driven models display marked performance disparities across demographic groups, which can only partially be mitigated by self-supervision on large training datasets and existing debiasing techniques.

Tissue–gene fine-mapping (TGFM) generalizes the SuSiE method to fine-map causal tissues and genes at disease loci using external eQTL data, offering improved calibration owing to modeling of cis-predicted expression uncertainty.

Fine-scale geospatial mapping of overweight and wasting (two components of the double burden of malnutrition) in 105 LMICs shows that overweight has increased from 5.2% in 2000 to 6.0% in children under 5 in 2017. Although overall wasting decreased over the same period, most countries are not on track to meet the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025.

Phased array systems capable of beamforming at microwave frequencies can be created from large-area electronics based on zinc oxide thin-film transistors.

Here, the authors conduct a paired genome analysis of humans and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a cohort from Lima, Peru. Their research reveals that genetic variations in both the host and pathogen significantly influence the progression to tuberculosis.

The nuclear receptor Pparg regulates urothelial differentiation in vitro but its role in healthy urothelium is unclear. Here, the authors show that PPAR gamma mediates urothelial development during both homeostasis (via mitochondrial function) and following infection, via an inflammatory response.

Hypoxia induces a change in transcriptional response in mammalian cells. Here the authors reveal a role for the RNA/DNA helicase Senataxin in protecting cells from DNA damage induced during transcription in hypoxia.

Tissue co-regulation score regression (TCSC) infers causal tissues and partitions trait heritability into tissue-specific components using a transcriptome-wide association study framework. Applying TCSC to 78 complex traits and diseases identifies biologically plausible tissue–trait relationships.

An adhesive paste designed to mimic some properties of barnacle glue haemostatically seals tissues robustly in less than 15 s, independently of the rate of blood coagulation.

New treatments are needed for muscle invasive bladder cancers. Here, the authors show that combined Pparg activation and MEK inhibition using FDA approved drugs shrinks tumor volume and induces a Basal/Squamous-to-Luminal shift in the urothelium as well as in invading tumors.

Structural analysis of the human choline and ethanolamine transporters FLVCR1 and FLVCR2 clarifies the mechanisms of transport, the conformational dynamics of these proteins and the disease-associated mutations that interfere with these processes.