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This study identifies protein signatures of pediatric obesity linked to cardiometabolic risk, shows treatment-related changes, and highlights a three-protein panel predictive of steatotic liver disease for early diagnosis

Analysis of ancient human genomes from a Neolithic collective gallery grave in northern France points to population discontinuity and turnover between the third and fourth millennium BC.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

The gut microbiome-kidney crosstalk has been previously linked with metabolic and kidney diseases. Here, the authors show that microbial amino acid metabolism interacts with host kidney function to influence cardiorenal physiology in the early stages, with potential implications for long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in human populations.

Expand ground monitoring of polar sources of this greenhouse gas to find out how climate change will influence its release, says Torben R. Christensen.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

A combination of cross-sectional study and lifestyle intervention program uncovered altered lipid profiles in children and adolescents with obesity and demonstrated that a personalized obesity management program can restore a healthy lipid profile.

Silver compounds have long been known to possess exceptional solid-state conductivity. Here the authors present silvercloso-boranes in which facile Ag⁺migration occurs, leading to exceptionally high ion conductivities and potential utility in silver nanowire production and photocatalysis due to their semiconductivity.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes (T2D) identifies more than 600 T2D-associated loci; integrating physiological trait and single-cell chromatin accessibility data at these loci sheds light on heterogeneity within the T2D phenotype.

Impaired gut barrier function is a central driver of alcohol-related liver disease. This study indicates that the postbiotic ReFerm® improves gut barrier function and reduce liver stiffness and liver fibrosis, suggesting the gut barrier function as a potential treatment target.

Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.

Data from over 700,000 individuals reveal the identity of 83 sequence variants that affect human height, implicating new candidate genes and pathways as being involved in growth.

Trans-ethnic analyses of exome array data identify new risk loci for type 2 diabetes. Fine-mapping analyses using genome-wide association data show that the index coding variants represent the likely causal variants at only a subset of these loci.

Cecilia Lindgren and colleagues report results of a large-scale genome-wide association study for waist-to-hip ratio, a measure of body fat distribution. They identify 13 new loci associated with this trait, several of which show stronger effects in women than in men.

Improved techniques have demonstrated a remarkably high species diversity in the deep sea. Long-term environmental stability has resulted in establishment of diverse communities whose species have become biologically accommodated to each other. The deep-sea meiofauna (about 60–500 μm) mainly consists of foraminiferans and nematodes. The macrofauna is dominated by polychaetes, peracarid crustaceans, and bivalves. The major components of the megafauna are brittle stars bathyally, large scavenging fish and amphipods abyssally, and amphipods hadally. Biomass and numerical density decrease rapidly with distance from land. Biomass seems to be of the same order of magnitude for the three size groups, while meiofaunal density in the upper bathyal zone may be up to 1,400 individuals per 10cm² and macrofaunal density 20,000 individuals per m².

Analysis of human genotypes and 16S microbiome data of 18,473 individuals from 25 cohorts through a genome-wide association study, a phenome-wide association study and Mendelian randomization identifies host genetic and microbial trait associations.

Combining 32 genome-wide association studies with high-density imputation provides a comprehensive view of the genetic contribution to type 2 diabetes in individuals of European ancestry with respect to locus discovery, causal-variant resolution, and mechanistic insight.

Exome-wide analysis identifies rare and low-frequency coding variants associated with body mass index. Gene-based meta-analysis and functional studies implicate 13 genes, eight of which are novel, and neuronal pathways as factors in human obesity.

The authors present a deep learning approach to uncover complex genetic effects on circulating protein levels. They reveal new interactions and dominance patterns using UK Biobank proteomics data.

Sequencing the microbial species present in complex metagenomic samples is made easier with a method that groups genes by co-abundance.

Ruth Loos and colleagues report results of a large genome-wide association study for body mass index. They identify 18 new loci associated with this trait, some of which map near key hypothalamic regulators of energy balance.

With metabolic syndrome links to gut microbiome imbalance, authors show that transplantation of modified lean fecal donor viromes alleviate metabolic syndrome symptoms in obese mice.

This mass spectrometry-based proteomic study profiles the plasma proteome in 2,147 children and adolescents and reveals its association with age, sex, puberty, body mass index and genetics.

Polygenic risk scores can help identify individuals at higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors characterise a multi-ancestry score across nearly 900,000 people, showing that its predictive value depends on demographic and clinical context and extends to related traits and complications.

We illustrate that including data from Greenlandic Inuit can greatly reduce inequity in genomic-based healthcare in Greenland and other indigenous Arctic populations.

Genotype-phenotype data from over 450,000 individuals was analyzed to discover 205 genomic loci where an allele associated with increase adiposity was associated with a lower cardiometabolic disease risk to an individual.

A transancestral exome-wide association study for body-fat distribution identifies protein-coding variants that are significantly associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index.

Clinical multi-omics data are integrated and analyzed using a generative deep-learning model.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study here shows novel genetic loci to be associated to body fat percentage, and describes cross-phenotype association that further demonstrate a close relationship between adiposity and cardiovascular disease risk.

The MAGIC investigators report results of a large genome-wide association study meta-analysis to identify common variants influencing fasting glucose homeostasis. They further show that several of the newly discovered loci influencing glycemic traits are also associated with risk of type 2 diabetes.

Past genome-wide associate studies have identified hundreds of genetic loci that influence body size and shape when examined one trait at a time. Here, Jeff and colleagues develop an aggregate score of various body traits, and use meta-analysis to find new loci linked to body shape.

Both rare and common variants contribute to the aetiology of complex traits such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, the authors examine the effect of coding variation on glycaemic traits and T2D, and identify low-frequency variation in GLP1Rsignificantly associated with these traits.

This meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies four genetic loci associated with circulating leptin levels independent of adiposity. Examination in mouse adipose tissue explants provides functional support for the leptin-associated loci.

John Chambers, Jaspal Kooner, Pim van der Harst, Shyong Tai, Paul Elliott, Jiang He, Norihiro Kato and colleagues performed a genome-wide association study of blood pressure phenotypes in individuals of European, East Asian and South Asian ancestry. They find trait-associated SNPs at 12 loci, some of which are associated with methylation at nearby CpG sites.

Multi-ancestry meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies for self-reported physical activity during leisure time, leisure screen time, sedentary commuting and sedentary behavior at work identify 99 loci associated with at least one of these traits.

Philippe Froguel and colleagues report that common nonsynonymous variants in PCSK1, encoding a prohormone convertase, confer risk of obesity in individuals of European ancestry.