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Precise detection and dynamic modulation of G-quadruplexes (G4s) are essential for understanding their roles in gene regulation, genome stability, and disease, yet existing ligands often lack topological selectivity or practical applicability. Here, the authors report a π-extended compound, S2, that self-assembles into chiral helical nanoassemblies enabling stereoselective, ratiometric discrimination of G4 topologies. Notably, S2 supported in situ RNA G4 imaging in living cells and quantitative detection in clinical blood samples, differentiating healthy individuals from lung cancer patients.

Skin lesions are common manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, the authors present a spatial transcriptomic atlas of lesional skin from patients with lupus and identify an acute inflammatory signature in SLE, contrasting with chronic damage in tertiary lymphoid structures in discoid lupus.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) screening in southern China uses EBV serology, but its positive predictive value is low. Here, the authors introduce a swab-based E-CpMQ method in high-risk individuals, achieving better specificity.

CNS injury disrupts neural circuits, with poor regeneration due to HDAC retention and hostile environments. Here, the authors show a nanosystem with LMK-235 that forms electroactive scaffolds and promotes regeneration and enhances synaptic reconnection

Turning stubborn plastics into useful chemicals is hard because they resist reaction. This study shows how ruthenium form and support acidity steer their breakdown, enabling selective conversion of polyethylene and polypropylene into liquid fuels.

The spread of carbon neutrality pledges calls for robust estimates of their agricultural and economic impacts. Using an integrated assessment framework that links climate, atmospheric chemistry, agriculture and economic modules, this study shows that accounting for ozone increases the estimated crop and economic benefits of these pledges.

Peptide assemblies can be used to prepare piezoelectric materials, but the role of peptide sequence and side chains is not well understood. Here, the authors report the study of the factors on the supramolecular stacking and piezoelectric properties of diphenylalanine inspired tripeptide assemblies.

The authors report a kinetic resolution of racemic amino acids with L-pyroglutaminol as an esterification reagent, via a phosphine oxide organocatalytic system, which provides a wide range of chiral esters and recovered amino acids with excellent stereoselectivities.

Wu et al. compare people with cancer receiving heart-damaging therapies with and without glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment. Use of these medications is associated with lower risks of treatment-related heart damage, mortality, hospitalization, and cardiovascular complications, particularly in patients with diabetes.

A programmable photonic quantum processor, Jiuzhang 4.0, incorporates 1,024 high-efficiency squeezed states into a hybrid spatial–temporal encoded 8,176-mode circuit.

El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been shown to relate to the epidemiology of child infectious diseases, but evidence for child deaths is limited. Here, the authors show that maternal exposure to high levels of ENSO before conception and giving birth may increase under-five mortality.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Triplet excitons in OPVs can redissociate via the charge-transfer state into free carriers, reducing losses and improving efficiency, enabled by molecular design controlling singlet–triplet energetics through exciton delocalization.

Gold in Carlin-type deposits likely comes from the surrounding sedimentary rocks and was later concentrated by hydrothermal fluids, according to investigations of carbonaceous sedimentary rocks associated with a large Carlin-type deposit in southwest China.

Embedding cortical geometric eigenmodes into the EEG/MEG inverse problem enables precise, biologically grounded reconstructions of whole-brain activity, enhancing mapping of dynamics, connectivity and clinical targets.

This work shows a sustainable, scalable and cost-effective synthetic process from polyacrylonitrile precursors for the production of high-performance carbon anode in lithium-ion batteries.

Despite the importance of polycyclic carboxylic acids and derivatives in various fields, general methods for the arylcarboxylation of alkenes with CO₂ remain elusive. Here, the authors transform unactivated alkenes into high value-added polycyclic carboxylic acids and derivatives via visible-light photoredox-catalysis, using CO₂ as the one-carbon feedstock.

A skeletal editing strategy for the direct conversion of oxazoles and isoxazoles into thiazoles and isothiazoles is described. These one-step transformations may be beneficial for drug development programmes by enabling rapid diversification of bioactive compounds and advancing structure–activity relationship studies.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Developing new transformations of bulky chemicals is an important approach to expand the horizons of current chemistry. Instead of traditional hydroarylation of dienes, the authors herein demonstrate a nickel-catalyzed arylative telomerization of isoprene with high chemo- and regioselectivities.

A “confined molecular encapsulation” strategy enables one-step fabrication of biomimetic ion-selective membranes. The in-situ formed MOFs with tunable sizes facilitate highly precise ion differentiation.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Post-translational redox modification of protein cysteine residues has emerged as a mode of immune cell regulation. Now, a deep redox proteomics study identifies redox-regulated and druggable cysteines in immunological proteins.

Axially chiral arylpyrroles hold significant promise in catalysis, medicinal chemistry and materials science. Here, the authors report a copper-catalyzed dynamic kinetic asymmetric (4 + 1) cyclization enabling atroposelective synthesis of arylpyrroles with single stereogenic axes or 1,2-diaxes from 1,3- enynes and amines.

Stable intronic sequence RNAs (sisRNAs) are by-products of splicing from introns with roles in embryonic development in Drosophila. Here, the authors show that the RNA binding protein DIP1 regulates sisRNAs in Drosophila, which is necessary for germline stem cell homeostasis.

Structural variations (SV) contribute to inter-individual variability. Here, the authors describe a first-generation multi-ancestry Asian SV catalogue containing 73,035 SVs from 8392 Singaporeans to provide insights into Asian SV diversity.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is approved for the treatment of transfusion-dependent thalassemia but remains limited to the use of matched sibling donors. In this multi-centre, phase-4 prospective clinical trial, the authors evaluate the use of alloHSCT with matched unrelated donors and haploidentical relatives.

The evolutionary mechanisms leading to symbiont replacement in insects are not well understood. Zhou et al. show that genome degradation results in nested symbiosis and endosymbiont replacement in cicadas, offering insight into the endosymbiotic origins of cellular organelles.

Here, the authors demonstrate a multi-momentum transformation metasurface. The orbital angular momentum meta-transformer reconstructs different vortex beams into on-axis distinct patterns, and the linear momentum meta-transformer converts red, green and blue beams to vivid color images.

Polycyclic and caged molecules are common in nature but present challenging targets for synthesis. Here, the authors report a route to caged diterpene cores and apply to the total synthesis of atropurpuran, with oxidative dearomatization/intramolecular Diels-Alder cascade, aldol and ketyl-olefin cyclizations as key steps.

Exhausted CD8⁺ T cells increase proteasome activity due to the accumulation of depolarized mitochondria, which drives the selective degradation of mitochondrial proteins and releases of regulatory haem through haemoprotein breakdown.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma is characterised by frequent amplifications in oncogenes. Here, the authors use short- and long-read sequencing approaches to analyze primary tumor samples and tumour-derived organoids and to investigate the mechanisms underlying complex amplifications.