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This study shows that oceanic extreme warm events, termed marine heatwaves, exacerbate extreme rainfall over land by 20–30%, increasing flood risks for coastal regions.

Activation of natural gas alkanes using main-group systems typically requires heating or photo-irradiation under high atmospheric pressure with low regioselectivity. Here the authors report Lewis acid-carbene adduct activation of C–H bonds in ethane, propane and n-butane under one atmospheric pressure and at room temperature with high selectivity.

Gastric cancer can metastasise to the peritoneal cavity; predicting in which patients this will occur is important for clinical management of the disease. Here, the authors use multi-photon imaging to derive a collagen signature of the primary cancer that allows the prediction of metastasis.

Artificial photoresponsive transport systems offer potential in precise control and rapid response times, but reusable systems are challenging to design. Here, the authors report the development of a photoresponsive ion transport system with a change in transport activity on isomerisation.

This study of Chinese endometrioid endometrial carcinomas describes the proteogenomic differences between early-onset and late-onset tumors, finding that SIGLEC10 mutation may contribute to tumorigenesis and progestin resistance in early cases.

An annually resolved 3476-year tree-ring record from the Tibetan Plateau reveals severe 20^th century droughts and highlights the interplay between the Asian Monsoon and Westerlies. Droughts are often linked to the collapse of dynasties.

The authors find a nonlinear, multiyear-long and country-heterogeneous economic loss induced by the Indian Ocean Dipole. Under a high emission scenario, the amplitude of the dipole is increasing, causing additional financial losses in the 21st century.

Here the authors find economic damage from El Niño far greater than benefits from La Niña on the global economy, leading to an increased economic loss as ENSO variability intensifies under greenhouse warming.

The authors set out to identify binding motifs for all 301 transcription factors of a plant pathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae, using HT-SELEX. They successfully identify binding motifs for 100 transcription factors, infer their binding sites on the genome, and validate the predicted interactions and functions.

Cover crops can improve agricultural sustainability. In this meta-analysis, the authors find that a biculture of legume and non-legume cover crops is optimal and may promote multiple agroecosystem services while mitigating climate-related yield losses by 2100.

Pinnate compound leaves sequentially produce their leaflets along the longitudinal axes. The study identifies the MPL1 gene as a key regulator in orchestrating an acropetal pattern of leaflet formation during the chickpea pinnate leaf development.

Based on two high-resolution simulations, the authors find that submesoscale eddies significantly boost poleward oceanic heat transport in Antarctic waters by strengthening transport capability of mesoscale eddies through inverse energy cascade.

The authors show that the presence of strong ocean internal tides in the South China Sea suppresses tropical cyclone intensification, mitigating their impacts on the highly populated surrounding regions.

The interception of one chemical intermediate with another intermediate is very challenging, as intermediates may be incompatible or too reactive, but could result in a streamlined method of organic synthesis. Here, the authors demonstrate enantioselective four-component reactions via the coupling of two intermediates.

Huang et al. identify IGF2BPs as an additional class of N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) reader proteins. They find that IGF2BPs selectively bind to m⁶A-containing mRNAs and promote their stability.

Increased anthropogenic aerosol emissions from Asia generate circumglobal Rossby waves that contribute to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation slowdown by suppressing heat loss in the Labrador Sea.

This study shows that the variability of the Indian Ocean Dipole robustly weakens due to long-term warming. The findings provide compelling evidence for an anthropogenic influence on the Indian Ocean Dipole intensity.

Radiotherapy (RT) sensitizers have been used to overcome tumor hypoxia and improve response to RT. Here the authors design and characterize a pH and oxygen sensitive nano-molecular probe for imaging-guided cancer radiotherapy.

The Atlantic intertropical convergence zone can experience extreme northward shifts, with resultant precipitation changes. Model projections show the frequency of these extreme shifts will increase under climate change, driven by faster sea surface warming north of the Equator.

Zhangjun Fei and colleagues report the draft genome of a Chinese elite watermelon inbred line 97103 and resequencing of 20 diverse accessions that represent the three subspecies of Citrullus lunatus. Comparative genome-wide analyses identify the extent of genetic diversity and population structure of watermelon germplasm.

Although model projections indicate increased El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability in the future, contemporary impacts of anthropogenic forcing on ENSO variability have been difficult to ascertain. This Perspective discusses these contemporary effects, outlining that an increase in post-1960 ENSO variability is likely related to greenhouse gas forcing.

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has substantial impacts on the global climate. This Review outlines ENSO relationships with Africa, outlining their dynamics, impacts on precipitation and projected changes in the future.

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) exerts strong control on the Indo-Pacific climate. This Review outlines twenty-first-century changes in the IOD, noting robust increases in eastern pole sea surface temperature variability, more frequent strong and early positive IOD events, and less frequent moderate positive IOD events.

Sea surface temperature variability in the tropical North Atlantic exhibits a basin-wide mode and a coastal mode, with the former having a stronger impact on Atlantic hurricane activity, according to an analysis of climate data from remote sensing and reanalyses over the period 1982–2024.

METTL14 recognizes the trimethyl mark on lysine 36 of histone H3 that directs m⁶A modifications co-transcriptionally.

Structural studies of pyrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, have so far been limited to below 2 GPa. Here, studying the crystal structure of pyrene up to ~35 GPa using in situ single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction in diamond anvil cells, the authors discover two previously unobserved polymorphs, and find that gradual compression results in continuous compaction of molecular packing, eventually leading to a curvature of the molecules.

As phase 1 of the Earth Microbiome Project, analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences from more than 27,000 environmental samples delivers a global picture of the basic structure and drivers of microbial distribution.

Tropical teleconnections can influence polar climates through the generation of stationary Rossby waves. This Review outlines the dynamics and impacts of long-term tropical–polar connections on the Antarctic climate, which include warming trends and ice mass loss in West Antarctica.