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Understanding the charge transfer at microbe–semiconductor interfaces in biohybrids is valuable for advancing solar-to-chemical conversion. Now, the reverse electron transfer in Shewanella–haematite hybrids is quantified using multimodal single-particle imaging, revealing facet-dependent efficiency.

Pyridine hydrogenation on supported metal particles is a powerful yet challenging synthetic transformation due to the strong coordinating effect of pyridine that limits hydrogen adsorption and activation. Here the authors adopt dealuminated Beta zeolite to entrap nickel nanoparticles and use the porosity of the support to effectively modulate pyridine and hydrogen activation.

An in-sensor wireless computing architecture integrates imaging, compression and transmission into a single step, dramatically reducing latency for real-time remote-sensing applications.

Fatty acid synthesis has been reported to promote glioblastoma. Here, the authors show that the tyrosine kinase c-SRC phosphorylates both acetyl-CoA synthetase ACSS2 and ATP-citrate lyase ACLY, to increase acetyl-CoA and NADPH production for fatty acid synthesis to support glioblastoma progression.

Crystallizing the perovskite layer on thin tunnel oxide passivated contact silicon cells is challenging due to rapid heat transfer. Zhou et al. address this issue using a 2-mercaptobenzothiazole additive, achieving a tandem cell efficiency of 32.76%.

Mechanical computing is promising for environment-adaptive information processing, however existing methods have limited scalability. Here the authors report a polyaniline composite film enabling scalable logical operations.

Activating type I interferon (IFN-I) is beneficial for tumor therapy but how IFN-I is activated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. The authors here show that targeting CD38 in NPC cells can inhibit MAVS degradation, promote IFN-I production and improve tumor prognosis via enhanced CD8 T cell response.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, may offer neuroprotective benefits after stroke, but its effects in large vessel occlusion (LVO) are unknown. Here the authors show, in a phase 2 randomized trial, that semaglutide is safe after endovascular therapy and may improve recovery in patients not receiving intravenous thrombolysis.

The complexity of the evolved metabolic networks of flavonoids complicates pathway elucidation and design. Here, the authors identify enzymes that modify isoflavan scaffolds from the genome and transcriptome data of Glycyrrhiza glabra, and reconstruct de novo glabridin biosynthesis in yeast.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

A bulk ceramic composed of interlocked boron nitride nanoplates with a laminated structure of twist-stacked nanoslices is created using hot-pressing and spark plasma sintering, which exhibits large elastic and plastic deformability and high strength at room temperature.

Integration of perception and action is still difficult for current physically separated designs of neural-imitating electronics. This work presents a flexible device which can emulate essential synaptic functions and replicate muscle actuation in response to efferent neuromuscular commands.

The mechanical stability of interfaces in perovskite solar cells is not well understood. Chen, Wang, Wang et al. investigate the strength of the bonds between layers and the corresponding effects on the chemical and mechanical stability of perovskite solar cells.

The role of the tumour microenvironment in the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic melanoma remains poorly understood. Here, single cell profiling of metastatic melanoma samples identifies associations of the mature dendritic enriched in immunoregulatory molecules subtype with immunotherapy response.

The internal surface of an optical fibre can be covered by uniform two-dimensional-material layers for highly nonlinear and low-loss light propagation.

Helicobacter pylori is a major cause of gastric diseases, but the standard therapy is limited by continuously decreased therapeutic efficacy and side effects to symbiotic bacteria. Here, the authors develop a pH-responsive graphitic nanozyme that is active under low pH gastric conditions, but inactive in intestines, for selective treatment of H. pylori infections.

The performance of wide bandgap perovskite solar cells is limited by the carrier recombination at their electron extraction interface. Here, the authors assemble binary 2D perovskites for efficient charge transport and realizing stable perovskite/silicon tandems with device efficiency over 30%.

Designing efficient brain-inspired electronics remains a challenge. Here, Liu et al. develop a flexible perovskite-based artificial synapse with low energy consumption and fast response frequency and realize an artificial neuromuscular system with muscular-fatigue warning.

Discovering active phases in heterocatalysis entails efficient configuration sampling and optimization. Here, the authors developed a framework based on topology and machine learning to effectively explore the active structures, applied in the CO2 electroreduction and Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Songlin Chen and colleagues sequenced the whole genomes of a male (ZZ) and a female (ZW) Chinese half-smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis. Their analysis provides insights into the structure and evolution of the sex chromosomes and adaptation to the benthic lifestyle of this flatfish.

The role of PIWI proteins in mammalian reproduction remains poorly understood. Here, using golden hamsters, the authors establish expression profiles for all four PIWIs during gametogenesis and characterize their associated reproductive defects.

The preparation of quantum silicon nanowires, materials with potential application in high-performance nanodevices, is challenging. Here, the authors synthesize vertically aligned sub-5 nm silicon nanowires via a vapor phase silicon etching process; the resulting material features unusual lattice reduction and significant phonon and electronic confinement effects.

Li-ion cathode active materials are transitioning from poly- to single-crystal structures. However, the performance of high Ni-content single-crystal cathodes remains below expectations. Here, via Al/Zr co-doping, the authors propose a strategy to mitigate structural degradation in this class of materials.

The correlated optoelectronic characteristics of multi-terminal mixed-dimensional graphene–germanium heterostructure devices can be used for the accurate detection and robust tracking of dim targets.

Sha et al. show that Borealin is a non-canonical methylation substrate for MLL1 that regulates phase separation of the inner centromeric chromosome passenger complex, and dictates genome integrity and tumour development in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The active site of many non-noble metal cathodic oxygen reduction catalysts consists of a nitrogen-corodinated transition metal. Here, the authors report an iron-based electrocatalyst devoid of iron–nitrogen coordination, and demonstrate its high activity in acid and alkaline media.

The distribution of dihedral angles in film state has significant influence on excited state lifetimes of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters. Here authors report conformation distribution confinement strategy to achieve fast spin-flipping for efficient organic light-emitting diodes.

Hydrogen peroxide can be produced alternatively using green inputs such as air, water, and sunlight but this requires a selective catalyst. Here the authors report an iron single atom catalyst that can convert oxygen into hydrogen peroxide with a selectivity of above 95% in both alkaline and neutral pH.

Liquid products from electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction are often mixed with additional solutes in the electrolyte, meaning that downstream separation is required. Here, the authors design cells that use solid electrolytes to generate flows of CO₂-derived liquid fuels with high concentrations that are free of extraneous ions.

Molybdenum disulfide membranes are attractive for filtration of nanoscale species but should be optimized for application. Here, the authors report composite membranes with tunable surface charge, pore size and interlayer spacing, achieving efficient filtration of small-molecule dyes and osmosis.