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Cell type labelling in single-cell datasets remains a major bottleneck. Here, the authors present AnnDictionary, an open-source toolkit that enables atlas-scale analysis and provides the first benchmark of LLMs for de novo cell type annotation from marker genes, showing high accuracy at low cost.

Ferromagnetic systems produced by the transition metal doping of semiconductors may be used as components of spintronic devices. Here, a new ferromagnet, Li_1+y(Zn_1-xMn_x)As, is prepared in bulk quantities and shown to have a critical temperature approaching 50 K.

The study of isotopes away from the beta stability valley is crucial for the understanding of nuclear structure, especially for neutron-deficient heavy nuclei. Here, the authors report the observation of the alpha-decay isotope 210-protactinium (Pa), extending the alpha-decay systematics of underexplored regions of the nuclides chart.

This work develops dye-lanthanide tandem-sensitized perovskite nanocrystals that can harvest a broad range of infrared light, upconvert it to sensitize excitons, and generate multicolor band-edge exciton luminescence

The shuttling effect in Li–S batteries can be drastically suppressed by using a single-atom Co catalyst and polar ZnS nanoparticles embedded in a macroporous conductive matrix as a cathode. Using this strategy, Li–S pouch cells show stable cycling and high energy performances.

Ultrashort electron bunches are promising for diffractive imaging measurements of structural dynamics, particularly in small or delicate structures. To this end, McCulloch et al. use a two-colour photoionization process to generate high-coherence ultrafast electron bunches from laser-cooled atoms.

X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy has been mainly used to measure slow dynamics using synchrotron sources. Here the authors demonstrate the split-and- delay pulse set-up to study nanosecond dynamics of gold nanoparticles using XPCS with free electron laser pulses.

The understanding of the reemergence of pressure induced superconductivity in alkali-metal intercalated FeSe is hampered by sample complexities. Here, Sun et al. report the electronic properties of (Li_1–xFe _x )OHFe_1–ySe single crystal not only in the reemerged superconducting state but also in the normal state.

There are many quantum systems that act as high-quality quantum harmonic oscillators, and they can be used to store quantum information using the Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill code. Entangling gates have now been demonstrated between two of these qubits.

Ice is not piezoelectric, despite the polarity of water molecules, but bending ice may produce electricity. This has now been experimentally demonstrated, with a flexoelectric coefficient comparable to that of common ceramic materials.

Understanding the dynamics of how drug resistance originates in cancer remains crucial, but it is not possible to observe them directly. Here, the authors construct a mathematical framework to infer drug resistance dynamics in cancer using lineage tracing and population size data, which is confirmed with experimental evidence and single-cell sequencing.

Electrical activity in neural organoids is captured with a device inspired by a paper-cutting art.

Weyl semimetals exhibit exotic properties owing to the presence of Weyl fermions. Here, Xu et al. show that tantalum phosphide is an ideal platform for studying the transport properties of these particles because its low-energy properties are dominated by a single type of Weyl fermion.

There is an intensive effort to develop Li-ion batteries that rely on sustainable materials. Here the authors employ a complex doping approach to synthesize low-Ni, Co-free cathode materials that display promising electrochemical performances.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from 3,023 human genomes from mainland Southeast Asia identifies high genetic heterogeneity among populations in the region and many unique small and structural variants.

To realize long-distance quantum communication it is required to have individually addressable quantum memories with programmable access to many cells. Here the authors report DLCZ-type quantum memories with 225 individually accessible memory cells in a macroscopic atomic ensemble

Despite observed routinely from spacecrafts landing on, e.g., lunar soil, the origin of radial streak patterns has been unclear up to now. Here, the authors report an experimental study of such instabilities in the coupled dynamics of rocket plumes and sand surfaces.

The stability of non-noble catalysts is key for their use in proton exchange membrane water electrolysers. Here, authors study activity-stability relationships of MoS_x allotropes for H₂ production, reporting allotrope-dependent stabilities and dissolution pathways, and propose operation guidelines.

Antiferromagnets have attracted interest for spin-based information processing due to their resilience to stray magnetic fields and extremely rapid spin dynamics, however, long range spin wave transport has only been shown in one type of antiferromagnet thus far. Here, Das et al demonstrate long range spin wave transport in antiferromagnetic YFeO3.

The authors advance the foundations of exciton-polariton transport based on a field-theoretical approach. This provides microscopic insight on the experimentally observed group velocity renormalization effect.

Filamentous cable bacteria conduct electrical currents over centimeter distances through fibers embedded in their cell envelope. Here, Boschker et al. show that the fibers consist of a conductive core containing nickel proteins that is surrounded by an insulating protein shell.

Electron correlations are important for superconductivity in layered copper oxides. Here, the authors use Auger photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy to directly determine the oxygen 2p hole-hole Coulomb energy in the undoped cuprate La₂CuO₄.

A lightweight, modular assistive soft exosuit is introduced, which supports shoulder and elbow movement in individuals with cervical spinal cord injury. The device enhances endurance and range of motion, reduces muscle effort and improves clinical test scores.

Traditional methods for tuning the dimensions of organic electronic device structures often rely on cumbersome processes with limited resolution. Here, the authors report ultraviolet irradiation in ambient conditions for tuning structural parameters for organic small molecule hole transport layers.

To date, brain gene therapies require high vector doses. Here, authors devised an AAV capsid screen and found variants with unprecedented potency for transduction of deep brain and cortical neurons and human iPSC-neurons with cell tropism relevant for Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease.

Magnetic skyrmions are circulating topologically-protected spin textures which can arise in chiral magnets and potentially be applied in information processing. Here, the authors demonstrate the appearance of skyrmions at and above room temperature in a β-Mn-type Co-Zn-Mn alloy.

Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental energy release process taking place in various astrophysical environments, but it is difficult to observe it directly. Here, the authors provide evidence of three-dimensional magnetic reconnection in a solar eruption using combined perspectives of two spacecraft.

A variational-autoencoder-based diffusion architecture that enables topological controls on the diffusion-based protein structure generation is proposed. As a result, novel folds of mainly beta proteins can be designed with experimental validation.

The red fluorescent protein mScarlet3-H is bright, photostable and very robust to high temperature, chaotropic conditions and oxidative environments. mScarlet3-H works well in correlative light and electron microscopy, tissue clearing and time-lapse super-resolution microscopy.

The 4Pi-SIM microscope combines the benefits of structured illumination microscopy with 4Pi geometry for improved axial resolution, offering isotropic, multicolor super-resolution imaging of dynamic processes in living cells.

Oxygen redox in transition metal oxides enhances the energy content of Na-ion batteries but is typically plagued by poor reversibility. Here, the authors achieve non-hysteresis through the formation of a spin singlet state to stabilize the active oxygen redox reaction in P3-type Na_2/3Cu_1/3Mn_2/3O₂.

Here, using a meta-analysis approach the authors compile a database of microbes hosted by insectivores, showing that a majority of them are viruses, that shrews and hedgehogs particularly contribute to the global virus sharing networks and that insectivores may spread of viruses of potential public health concern.

Control of liquid-based materials is important for developing materials based on these, but topological flexibility is limited. Here, the authors report a method for digital fabrication of slippery objects with solid-liquid composite interfaces and geometric design freedom.

Layered positive electrode materials inevitably face air exposure during manufacturing. Here, authors show that single-crystalline Ni-rich layered oxides suffer greater performance degradation upon air exposure due to the defects and strain caused by surface lattice distortion and phase transition.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Here, the authors use a simple equation to study how genes and their regulators switch on/off over time, across the whole genome in tissues and cells. Most changes are gradual, but some genes switch quickly. Their AI model can predict temporal gene activity directly from open DNA regions, with no extra data.

A multi-frequency observing campaign of the γ-ray burst GRB 190114C reveals a broadband double-peaked spectral energy distribution, and the teraelectronvolt emission could be attributed to inverse Compton scattering.

Antiferromagnets offer the potential for higher speed and density than ferromagnetic materials for spintronic devices. Here, Reimers et al study the domain structure of CuMnAs, demonstrating the role of defects in stabilizing the location and orientation of antiferromagnetic domain walls.

Solitons may develop when strain forms at line defects separating commensurate domains in misaligned or lattice-mismatched van der Waals heterostructures. Here, the authors use atomic-force microscopy and nano-infrared spectroscopy to image solitons in thin hBN crystals in the form of long-range periodic superstructures, creating sub-surface hexagonal networks with periods of a few hundred nanometers.

A study describes the assembly and analysis of a haplotype-resolved pangenome of bulbous barley with the potential to improve domesticated barley and illustrates its use in evolutionary research and trait mapping.

The authors perform heating experiments using femtosecond X-ray free electron laser pulses to explore the phase stability of superionic H₂O. The absence of a face-centered cubic phase below 50 GPa, where superionic ice forms from the melt, is attributed to the short heating time and may help understanding the stability of superionic phases in ice-rich planets.

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) induced magnetization switching facilitates all electric multi-state spin memories and spin logic devices. Here the authors show a new SOT field-free switching mode where the perpendicular layer with tilted easy axis is coupled to an in-plane layer with a uniaxial easy axis.

Cancer evolutionary dynamics are quantitatively inferred using a method, EVOFLUx, applied to fluctuating DNA methylation.

Mellor et al. report that deficiency of GABARAPL1, an ATG8-specific linking protein, impairs diastolic function in diabetic mice. This effect can be reversed by gene delivery of the gene encoding GABARAPL1 in diabetic mice and a human organoid model of type 2 diabetes.

Strong intrinsic spin–orbit interaction unlocks the potential of circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins in silicon, resulting in strong spin–photon coupling of 300 MHz.

The instability of quantum dot inks hinders the scaling up of colloidal quantum dot electronics. Now, Shi and team stabilize the inks with an iodine-rich environment in a weakly coordinating solvent, achieving 13.4% in small-area solar cells and over 10% in modules.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

Acetyl-CoA synthetases have been proposed as targets for development of new antimicrobial drugs. Here, Jezewski et al. identify isoxazole-based compounds with activity against the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, and describe their mechanism of action as inhibitors of fungal acetyl-CoA synthetases.