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Achalasia is a rare condition characterised by inability to swallow. Here, the authors use whole-genome sequencing to identify a FAM129C variant associated with the disease and characterise B cell responses towards the GABA-A receptor in a mouse model expressing that variant.

Owing to the lack of precise atomic-level control offered by existing fabrication techniques over the edge structures in bilayer graphene, experimental studies on the edge effects in bilayer graphene structures have so far largely remained unexplored. Here the authors synthesize two fully cove-edged bilayer nanographenes and demonstrate their application in NIR-II bioimaging.

Regulatory T (Treg) cells influence adipose tissue homeostasis and hence metabolic health but the mechanisms are less well known. Here the authors establish, via gain and loss of function mouse models, that GPSM1expression in Treg cells regulate their expansion in adipose tissue, and upon genomic deletion of GSPM1, a specific subset of Treg cells expand and mitigate adipose tissue inflammation caused by high fat diet.

Noise severely limits quantum communication, particularly in completely depolarizing channels where information transmission is impossible. Here, the authors use a programmable silicon photonic chip to show quantum information transmission through multiple concatenated depolarizing channels by implementing a superposition of cyclic orders, achieving fidelities above the classical qubit threshold in a strongly noisy regime.

Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication, but early identification of women at risk remains difficult due to limited biomarkers. Here, the authors show that cell-free DNA fragmentomics from maternal blood can predict preeclampsia risk early in pregnancy.

Time-division multiplexing in a metropolitan-scale quantum repeater is demonstrated. Heralded entanglement between remote quantum memories is implemented over a distance of 14.5 km, generating a Bell state with a fidelity of 78.6% with a Bell inequality violation of S = 2.22.

Atherosclerotic carotid stenosis leads to stroke, but how perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) drives plaque instability is poorly understood. Here the authors show that PVAT harbours distinct ADSC subsets, with CD55⁺ADSCs promoting plaque angiogenesis via FGF2 and CXCL14⁺ADSCs enhancing inflammation, driving plaque destabilization.

This study achieves ultrafast all-electrical perpendicular magnetization switching with a pulse width of 16 ps and an energy consumption of 41 fJ/bit in a CoTb/Ti/CoFeB/MgO heterostructure, enabled by combining the in-plane and out-of-plane spin current.

This study finds that the most dangerous tick-borne viruses infect many tick and animal species, boosting their chances of reaching humans. Bird migration helps spread them worldwide, and genetic adaptation may increase their ability to infect people.

Here, the authors uncover a mechanism by which drug-target homologs mediate non-antibiotic drug effects on bacterial growth, and suggest a universal homology-based competition strategy to reverse MTX-induced microbiota dysbiosis.

Hypoxia-driven dysregulated lactate metabolism is a feature of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), but biological metabzymes and most biomimetic counterparts are ineffective under hypoxic conditions and often yield harmful metabolites. Here, the authors report a biogenic Fe-N-C artificial metabzyme for IDD metabolic therapy that reprograms lactate metabolism and corrects metabolic dysfunction.

The authors establish high-resolution spatiotemporal landscapes of AKI. They reveal that surviving epithelial cells are the primary drivers of kidney regeneration through proliferation, offering insights into the mechanism of kidney repair after AKI

Here authors present a method combining DFT calculations with experimental synthesis to address the challenges of slow recovery and limited recyclability in chemiresistive sensing MOFs.

Using time-resolved cryo-EM, this study captures fibrillar collagen assembly as it matures from a metastable to a stable state, shedding light on tissue maintenance and disease-linked defects.

Low-dose IL-2 therapy has been evaluated for the treatment of numerous autoimmune conditions. This study reports the outcomes of a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of low-dose IL-2 for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Here, the authors show that the PLA2G6 protein is a component of the IP3R1–GRP75–VDAC1 complex at the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, maintaining the integrity and function of ER–mitochondria contacts.

This study shows that reduced Mll5 impairs microglial phagocytosis via TREM2- SGK3-GSK3β signaling, causing ASD-like behaviors in mice, while lithium chloride was shown to rescue deficits.

The DAMPE satellite observed a universal charge-dependent spectral softening in primary cosmic rays, and ruled out mass-dependent softening with >99.999% confidence.

Chern ferromagnetism is established in twisted bilayer MoTe₂ devices at large twist angles. Here, the authors observe evidence of antiferromagnetic ground states with zero Hall resistance at an intermediate twist angle around three degrees, demonstrating the sensitivity of the magnetic ground state.

The spread of carbon neutrality pledges calls for robust estimates of their agricultural and economic impacts. Using an integrated assessment framework that links climate, atmospheric chemistry, agriculture and economic modules, this study shows that accounting for ozone increases the estimated crop and economic benefits of these pledges.

Selective electrocatalytic acetylene-to-ethylene conversion is limited by competing side reactions over molecular catalysts. Here, the authors report a cobalt phthalocyanine catalyst that achieves 99.99% ethylene selectivity and a turnover frequency of 7019 min^-1 at -500 mA cm^-2.

Zhang, Huang, Wang, Long et al. report that NAT10 enhances serine uptake and biosynthesis in an ac4C-dependent mechanism, thereby promoting stemness and progression in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Electrochemical direct air capture achieves high energy efficiency only when producing a dilute hydroxide stream that is incompatible with existing air contactors. This study reports a redox-decoupled electrolysis strategy that spatially separates CO₂ liberation and sorbent regeneration, substantially improving current and energy efficiency.

A fully phased genome assembly of the sugarcane foundational cultivar POJ2878 reveals extensive subgenome recombination and non-homologous chromosomal rearrangements.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

How acute stress activates amygdala inhibitory circuits that regulate reproduction remains elusive. Here, the authors uncover a neural tug-of-war between functionally distinct GABA neuronal populations in the posterodorsal medial amygdala that translate stress signals into changes in reproductive hormone rhythms in female mice.

Melatonin attenuates reproductive toxicity induced by PTC and dPTC in male mice via regulating HPG axis hormone secretion, enhancing spermatogenesis, modulating oxidative stress, and preserving BTB integrity.

Maternal obesity is known to cause systemic lipid dysregulation, yet its effect on lipid reprogramming during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) remains unknown. Here, they show that obesity disrupts very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) storage in oocytes, impairing peroxisomal protein import in 2-cell embryos.

Higher-order interactions are shown to contribute to the decrease in species diversity from low to high latitudes in global forests, potentially explaining why this intricate phenomenon cannot be adequately explained by pairwise interactions alone.

The function and regulatory mechanism of mRNA acetylation modification in cancer progression remains largely unknown. Here the authors identify that targeting tumor N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) RNA acetyltransferase NAT10 improves anti-tumor response via MYC/CDK2/DNMT1/dsRNA/type I IFN pathway, and show the synergic anti-tumor effect of NAT10 inhibition with aPD-1.

Wolbachia-driven host miRNAs influence reproduction in the spider mite Tetranychus truncatus, with effects associated with Wolbachia density.

This study uncovers how amyloid-β boosts astrocyte calcium activity, increasing cholesterol and disrupting brain waste clearance in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model. Targeting astrocyte calcium or cholesterol restores clearance and improves cognition.

Bioisosteric replacement of benzenes with caged hydrocarbons can form enhanced lead compounds with improved drug-like properties, but synthetic challenges limit their application. Now, a collective strategy for synthesizing saturated bioisosteres of 1,2,4-trisubstituted and disubstituted benzenes has been developed. This strategy involves constructing 2-thiabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane scaffolds via cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes and mercaptoacetaldehyde.

Asparagales is the largest monocot order. Here, the authors produce the phylogeny of Asparagales with transcriptomic data from 455 species and investigate the evolution of genes involved with allium flavor biosynthesis.

Pyridine hydrogenation on supported metal particles is a powerful yet challenging synthetic transformation due to the strong coordinating effect of pyridine that limits hydrogen adsorption and activation. Here the authors adopt dealuminated Beta zeolite to entrap nickel nanoparticles and use the porosity of the support to effectively modulate pyridine and hydrogen activation.

Endocytosis of TFR1 plays a crucial role in extracelluar iron uptake. Here the authors revealed that PKCβII facilitates the endocytosis of TFR1 and increases cellular iron levels through the phosphorylation of AAK1, thus promoting ferroptosis of tumor cells.

Conversion-type batteries involving solid–solid transformations can store more energy than intercalation materials; however, their rates and cyclability have been limited by kinetics and incomplete conversion. This study introduces homonuclear dual-atom catalysts that increase the conductivity of insulating solid intermediates to enhance lithium–sulfur (and lithium–air) battery performance.

After being internalized by cells, nanoparticles can, in rare events, acquire a biomolecular condensate corona. These complexes can reach the extracellular space, where they can deliver their acquired proteins and RNA content to other cells.

Photonic components fabricated from van der Waals materials and patterned using focused ion beam lithography with aluminium passivation demonstrate quality factors exceeding 10⁶ and an efficient nonlinear optical response.