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Here the authors analyzed 3.7 petavoxels of 3D imaging data from 204 mouse brains, aiming to comprehensively characterize diverse morphological and modular patterns conserved across six spatial scales of mouse brain anatomy, ranging from the whole-brain scale to synaptic levels.

The gut microbiome affects systemic metabolism and is a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. Here the authors demonstrate in a randomized controlled trial that effects of berberine, a plant alkaloid known to lower blood glucose, may be explained by the inhibition of Ruminococcus bromii mediated biotransformation of the bile acid deoxycholic acid.

The parasitic absorption caused by nonradiative damping of plasmonic effects limits the light utilization efficiency of optoelectronics. Here, authors employ green fluorophore and nickel oxide to recycle plasmon energy, achieving maximum device efficiency of 19.51% for flexible organic solar cells.

Molecular tests that can determine the tissue of origin of cancers of unknown primary (CUP) are still needed. Here, the authors develop a DNA methylation profiling assay and a machine learning classifier to predict the origin of metastatic tumours in CUP patients using formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded samples.

Polymer dielectrics are key for capacitors in energy applications but are hard to improve for high temperatures. This work uses artificial intelligence to design fillers with a large bandgap and high affinity, enabling durable, high-energy polyimide composites for harsh environments.

Triangle-beam interference structured illumination microscopy leverages radially polarized beams to generate two-dimensional lattice illumination patterns. The technique enables a temporal resolution of 242 Hz, spatial resolution of 100 nm and continuous imaging of neuronal growth for up to 13 h.

By regulating the level of accessible cholesterol on endothelial cells via OSBP/ORP-mediated transport, tetraspanin tunes the balance of Cdc42 and RhoA activities to affect vascular inflammation. Reducing accessible cholesterol by statin treatment or blocking its non-vesicular transport by OSBP/ORP inhibition can limit vascular inflammation.

TGFbeta is known to promote cancer metastasis through the promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, the authors demonstrate that a TGFbeta induced circular RNA (circITGB6) promotes colorectal cancer metastasis via activation of the m6A reader protein, IGF2BP3, resulting in stabilization of an EMT-promoting gene, PDPN.

Toxic methylmercury in soil can accumulate in rice grains. Here, the authors use DNA stable-isotope probing and metagenomics to identify soil microbes and pathways potentially involved in methylmercury degradation.

Although paclitaxel is widely used as a chemotherapy, it suffers from poor solubility and toxicity issues. Here, the authors develop thermostable RNA nanoparticles and report the RNA-paclitaxel complex to display improved stability, drug loading capacity and solubility for improved targeted cancer therapy and reduced immune responses.

Limited whole genome sequencing (WGS) of Asian populations results in a lack of representative reference panels, hindering imputation of Asian ancestry-specific genetic variants. Here the authors use WGS data from 11,067 individuals across 17 Asian countries to create a new reference panel which shows improved imputation accuracy for South Asian populations.

The authors introduce and demonstrate a programmable optically-driven organic micro-actuator for precise manipulation of on-chip structures. This paves the way for adaptive, multifunctional photonic systems.

Narrowband blue afterglow materials are critical in optoelectronic applications. Here, the authors realized efficient ultra-narrowband deep blue afterglow by short-range charge transfer in a series of indolocarbazole emitters.

The O-alkylation of tertiary alcohols with racemic tertiary electrophiles to access chiral hindered dialkyl ethers has remained elusive. Now this synthetic challenge has been accomplished by copper-catalysed C–O cross-coupling between tertiary haloamides and alcohols using designed ligands.

Zhang and Gu used four cohorts to examine associations between skeletal muscle strength (SMS) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Higher handgrip/muscle strength is closely associated with a lower prevalence and incidence of CKD in people with MASLD.

Anode catalysts in proton-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers usually trade activity for stability. Here, the authors report an electronic-structure-tuning strategy that modulates the metal–oxygen redox behavior of RuO₂, yielding a catalyst that is both highly active and durable.

Ensuring the safety of lithium-ion power batteries is the primary prerequisite for developing electric vehicles and energy storage systems. Xin Gu and colleagues present a thermal runaway warning method based on the state of safety (SOS), which can warn around 5 h in advance.

An asymmetric self-assembled monolayer improves the efficiency of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells compared with symmetric self-assembled monolayers, resulting in a certified power conversion efficiency of up to 34.58%.

Whether hippocampal place cells are unique in their representation of spatial information utilized during body navigation remains unknown. Here authors report monkey cells in the premotor cortex exhibit similar position fields which encode hand position during a reaching task.

This analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells for 474 individuals of diverse Asian ancestries in the Asian Immune Diversity Atlas links cell-type-specific splicing variation with autoimmune and inflammatory disease risk.

A new type of Fe/N–C catalyst composed of numerous nanoprotrusions dispersed on two-dimensional carbon layers with inner-embedded single Fe-atom sites has been developed that delivers a high-performance platinum group metal-free proton-exchange membrane fuel cell.

High-entropy nanocarbides (HENCs) containing 5–22 metal elements are synthesized through a nanoconfined impulse synthetic strategy enabled by Joule heating-induced in situ reactions in carbon nanotube films. These HENCs exhibit multi-element effects and enhanced electrocatalytic activities due to their nanoscale size and modified catalytic sites.

The COVID 19 pandemic and consequent lockdown has had a substantial impact on mobility and therefore fuel demand and it is not clear when demand will recover. Ou et al. use a machine learning model that integrates health recovery scenarios to project the near-term future of gasoline demand.

DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is mapped in mouse preimplantation embryos, postimplantation epiblasts, primordial germ cells (PGCs) and gametes. Nlrp14 maternal depletion perturbs DNA-replication-coupled passive demethylation and impairs 5hmC deposition.

Lattice distortion in electrode materials often results in battery degradation. Here, the authors exploit a cooperative Jahn-Teller effect in a MnO2/graphene superlattice to create strain-relieving structures, improving cycling stability in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

Splicing of transcripts containing micro and small exons requires specific factors. This study shows that GRP20 regulates micro- and small-exon retention of transcripts including floral homeotic genes, whose splicing is crucial for flower development.

A family of thin, soft robots has been developed, utilising ultra-thin dielectric elastomer actuators and electroadhesive pads. These innovative robots can crawl, climb, swim, and collaborate for transitioning between domains in environments with narrow entries.

For rapid and efficient recovery of spent cathodes, this study shows a laser-induced high-temperature thermal shock strategy that separates cathode materials from Al foil within seconds and enhances the thermodynamics and kinetics of metal leaching.

The combination of metagenome and virus-enriched virome sequencing provides comprehensive profiles of viral communities and their associated antibiotic resistance genes and reveals the factors driving changes in the plastisphere.

Effective delivery of drugs to bone marrow has potential for leukemia treatment. Here the authors report the delivery of chemotherapy drug Ara-C with HSPC cell membrane derived-biomimetic vesicles, which target leukemia stem cells thereby effectively inhibit its progression.

In response to the rebound of air pollution during large events in China, the authors propose that a combination of ambitious short-term measures and enduring long-term pollution control policies is a sustainable solution for improving air quality.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

Liu et al. demonstrate that human-driven soil contamination in natural areas mirrors that in nearby urban greenspaces globally, and highlight the potential influence that soil contaminants have on ecosystem functions.

Methods for transition-metal-catalysed enantioselective C(sp³)–S bond construction are underdeveloped. Now, by taking advantage of the biomimetic radical homolytic substitution manifold, the copper-catalysed enantioconvergent C(sp³)–S cross-coupling of racemic secondary and tertiary alkyl halides with highly transformable sulfur nucleophiles has been realized. This reaction provides access to an array of α-chiral alkyl organosulfur compounds.

Exfoliation of g-C₃N₄ breaks the molecular chains, causing sluggish carrier kinetics and moderate degradation activity. Here, authors address these issues by developing an ultrathin porous g-C₃N₄ with intact molecular chains via shear repair strategy, enhancing the activity of PMS-assisted water purification.

Constructing catalysts with dual active sites is crucial for optimizing adsorption sites and enhancing catalytic performance. Here, uniformly dispersed CuCo alloy and CoO nanosheet composite catalysts with dual active sites were developed, significantly boosting activity in the water-gas shift reaction.

In this multicenter phase 1 trial, treatment with IBI343, a CLDN18.2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate, was safe and showed encouraging clinical responses in patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

High-throughput immunoassay is crucial for scientific and clinical applications. Here, the authors introduce a multiplex immunoassay platform engineered by modifying a pipette tip with a self-assembled barcoded protein array. It outperforms the gold standard in sensitivity, speed, and sample volume.

Increased precipitation enhanced bacterial diversity but reduced fungal diversity, while drought intensification increased stress-tolerant species but decreased moisture-sensitive species, according to a two-year field experiment with different precipitation treatments in Xiaohongshan, China.

Building liquid devices from solid enclosing walls can be costly and lack reconfigurability. Now the rapid construction and reconfiguration of diverse liquid devices is demonstrated through assembly and disassembly of droplet arrays in a pillared substrate.

Risk prediction for prognosis in colorectal cancer is an important tool. Here, the authors utilise GWAS from 5 cohorts of colorectal cancer patients, and show a healthy lifestyle is associated with a 7.6% improvement in overall survival among patients with high pathologic and genetic risk.