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Low efficiency and immunotoxicity limit rAAVs clinical use. Here, the authors show that encapsulating rapamycin in PF127 micelles modulates cellular biomechanics, enhancing AAV-mediated gene transfer while reducing immunogenicity demonstrating application in osteoimmunological disorders.

Oncolytic viruses are an approved therapeutic approach for glioblastoma, but, unfortunately, they are efficacious only in some patients. Here, the authors discover that LRRK2 inhibitors enhance viral infection and oncolysis by oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) in glioblastoma.

Applying universal AI models across multiple modalities remains challenging. Here, the authors present a model that enables multi-modality whole-body segmentation for computer-aided diagnosis, revealing metabolic correlations across brain, body, and brain–body systems.

Using population and ecological genomic approaches, the authors demonstrate the potential for interspecific introgression—the transfer of genetic material following hybridization—to reduce climate change vulnerability. Their findings emphasize the importance of preserving interspecific connectivity.

The heterogeneity of HSPCs in response to IR stress remains poorly characterized. Here, the authors provide insights into the molecular intricacies of IR-induced BM injury and reveal the roles of BMP4-BMPR2 signaling in radiation resistance of HSCs.

Ming Qi and colleagues report that compound heterozygous mutations in NMNAT1 cause Leber congenital amaurosis, a childhood form of retinal dystrophy. NMNAT1 encodes an enzyme previously implicated in protection against axonal degeneration.

Circular RNAs are known to be linked to cancer regulation. Here, the authors identify a circular RNA signature associated with immune checkpoint response in melanoma.

Authors report a direct ink writing strategy to create transparent polymethylsilsesquioxane aerogels from gel inks with desired rheology, using acid-base dual modulators to achieve “activation–retardation” of polycondensation reaction.

Hemodynamic management is essential in critical care, but optimal targets for heart rate and blood pressure remain unclear. Here, the authors show that a time-dependent Cox model can derive personalized, real-time targets associated with reduced mortality.

Genome-wide association meta-analysis across individuals of diverse ancestries identifies risk loci for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The associated variants implicate plausible biological pathways and improve estimates of disease risk.

In this triple-arm, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, first-line treatment of patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer with the anti-PD-L1 benmelstobart, tyrosine kinase inhibitor anlotinib and chemotherapy (CT) showed improved survival outcomes compared with anlotinib and CT or CT alone.

Subpopulations of Purkinje neurons display distinct transcriptomic responses and functions in associative learning.

High-throughput immunoassay is crucial for scientific and clinical applications. Here, the authors introduce a multiplex immunoassay platform engineered by modifying a pipette tip with a self-assembled barcoded protein array. It outperforms the gold standard in sensitivity, speed, and sample volume.

Ponds played an important role in ancient rice-growing regions such as China and India. Here, the authors find that reviving small water bodies to recycle drainage water for irrigation can reduce China’s rice production water footprint by 9% and alleviate 2-3% yield loss in dry years.

Myoglobin (Mb) is the critical pathogenic factor for Rhabdomyolysis or Crush syndrome-related AKI (RM/CS-AKI). Here, the authors show that anti-Mb RabMAb injection blocking the passage of free Mb through the glomerular filtration barrier significantly rescues both homologous and heterologous RM/CS-AKI animal models.

Genome-wide association analysis of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG:HDL-C) ratio within the UK Biobank identifies candidate insulin resistance-associated loci linked to metabolic pathways and insulin biology. A polygenic risk score derived from these results shows an association with multiple cardiometabolic traits.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a growing health burden with limited treatment options worldwide. Herein the authors report a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose trial of a first-in-class pan-phosphodiesterase inhibitor ZSP1601 in NAFLD patients.

By constructing a graph-based grapevine pangenome reference (Grapepan v.1.0) and incorporating structural variations and phenotypic maps, the study investigates the genetic basis of agronomic traits, empowering grapevine genomic breeding.

Serum liver enzymes are used as markers of liver disease, their concentration influenced in part by genetic factors. Here the authors meta-analyse genome-wide association studies on the UK Biobank and BioBank Japan to evaluate the association of three liver enzymes with liver and other metabolic diseases.

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with limited therapeutic options. Here the authors perform an immunogenomic analysis of limited-stage SCLC, revealing a homogeneous mutational landscape, but limited T-cell infiltration and a cold and heterogeneous T cell repertoire.

Hume’s ground tit (Parus humilis) was once thought to belong to the Corvidae family, which includes crows and jays. Qu et al.sequence and analyse Hume's ground tit genome, as well as two additional tits and a ground jay, and establish its evolutionary position as the world's largest tit.

Minimally invasive drug delivery is of wide interest and oral tissue is an attractive target for this. Here, the authors report on the creation of mussel-inspired films for retention on the wet oral tissue for the delivery of drugs by diffusion and transport though the mucosal tissue.

The authors use niche modelling and landscape genetic approaches to understand population-level climate change vulnerability for three alpine species. Their approach reveals similar population-level vulnerability for the studied keystone species and its two beneficiary species.

The application of Li-metal batteries (LMBs) is impeded by unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and uncontrollable Li dendrites growth. Here, the authors present an YF₃/PMMA composite layer to achieve high-performance LMBs via the synergetic regulation of SEI mechanics and Li crystallography.

Phosphorylation of INSIG1 and INSIG2 by PCK1 leads to a reduction in the binding of sterols, the activation of SREBP1 and SREBP2 and the downstream transcription of lipogenesis-associated genes that promote tumour growth.

Rice bean is an underexploited legume crop that has many desirable properties against bio and abiotic stresses. Here, the authors report the genome assembly of this species, conduct population genetics studies and reveal the genetic variations associated with adaptation and yield traits.

An article in One Earth finds that local management strategies are a main driving factor for reducing coastal plastic pollution in Australia.

Many industrial applications require switchable adhesive properties in wet conditions, but this still remains challenging to achieve. Here the authors synthesize an adhesive based on host-guest interactions that exhibits reversible, tunable and fast regulation of the wet adhesion on diverse surfaces.

A three-channel spinneret simultaneously extrudes and combines electrodes and electrolyte to make 1,500-km-long fibre batteries.

Drinking well water with unsafe levels of arsenic is a considerable public health concern, and conventional point-of-use (POU) treatment often falls short in real-world household utilizations. Integrating a solid oxidant into the POU system has proven to be a successful strategy through long-term field deployment, ensuring drinking-water safety.

Fieldwork isn’t just about collecting data — it’s a deeply immersive experience that connects cryosphere researchers directly to the landscapes they study. Each moment in the field, across the permafrost, snow, and glaciers, fosters a profound appreciation for the responses of these environments to the changing climate and human activities. Nature Water asked three experts about their experiences and insights into fieldwork.