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Conventional transparent wood preparation methods remove lignin and result in poor near-infrared selectivity. Here, the authors develop a lignin-enrichment approach, increasing the wood’s lignin content and achieving highly NIR-selective wood-based optical filters.

Cellulose crystals can be engineered at the molecular level, creating porous structures consisting of aligned, functionalized nanochannels. This approach enables the development of advanced materials with directional ion transport and antimicrobial properties for applications such as thermoelectric devices, solid-state batteries and long-lasting antimicrobial textiles.

Lu et al. characterize cis-regulatory element dynamics at different stages of colorectal cancer progression and identify a functional variant associated with increased colorectal cancer risk because of selective transcription factor binding.

The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network has constructed a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex in a landmark effort towards understanding brain cell-type diversity, neural circuit organization and brain function.

Multi-modal analysis is used to generate a 3D atlas of the upper limb area of the mouse primary motor cortex, providing a framework for future studies of motor control circuitry.

Overcoming the suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial to improving the efficacy of cancer therapy. Here the authors show that, in mouse cancer models, administration of exogenous IL-16 establishes a Th1-dominant TME via regulation of glutamine catabolism and triggers a Th1 cell-macrophage crosstalk, enhancing anti-tumor immune responses and the efficacy of immunotherapy.

Spinach is an economically important vegetable crop but previous genomic resources were of limited use for comparative and functional analyses. Here, Xuet al. present a high quality draft spinach genome and transcriptome data for multiple Spinaciaaccessions providing insight into Caryophyllales genome evolution.

Alkyne hydrogenation is important for producing industrially relevant materials. Here, the authors illustrate why most Cu-based electrocatalysts favor alkyne hydrogenation toward alkene and discuss how to design catalysts which favor alkane formation.

Rice stripe virus deploys its SP protein to dismantle SERRATE condensates in rice cells, blocking microRNA production and enhancing viral spread. This discovery reveals how viruses can hijack host phase separation to modulate gene regulation.

Genomic analyses of 2,191 global common wheat accessions and over 47,000 yellow rust (YR) response data points across several environments and pathogen races provide a genome-wide landscape of YR resistance genes and effective alleles.

Zhangjun Fei and colleagues report the draft genome of a Chinese elite watermelon inbred line 97103 and resequencing of 20 diverse accessions that represent the three subspecies of Citrullus lunatus. Comparative genome-wide analyses identify the extent of genetic diversity and population structure of watermelon germplasm.

A low-potential dual-side hydrogen production system is more efficient than water splitting but suffers from stability issues. Here, the authors report a self-reactivating PdCu catalyst that operates stably for 120 h, offering an alternative solution for energy-efficient hydrogen production.

Changes of left ventricular structure are used to predict morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular diseases. Here the authors conducted a study using advanced deep learning technology to analyze left ventricular regional wall thickness (LVRWT) in a large population, identifying 72 significant genetic loci linked to LVRWT traits.

Pregestational hyperglycaemia in mothers increases the probability of glucose intolerance in the offspring, an effect controlled by TET3-dependent DNA demethylation of genes involved in insulin secretion.

Cryo-electron microscopy analyses show how Lassa and Machupo virus Z proteins bind the viral L polymerase and how this inhibits virus replication.

Rapid temperature flips between hot and cold extremes will become more frequent, more intense, and more rapid globally by the end of the twenty-first century, which is exacerbated in world’s breadbasket regions and low-income countries.

The sudden deterioration of patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) into critical illness is of major concern and early assessment would be vital. Here, the authors show that a deep learning-based survival model can predict the risk of COVID-19 patients developing critical illness based on clinical characteristics at admission.

Circulating microbiome has been very little studied for blood malignancies. Here, the authors show specific microbiome signatures in the blood are associated with different types of myeloid malignancies and specific genetic mutations.

Sparse labelling and whole-brain imaging are used to reconstruct and classify brain-wide complete morphologies of 1,741 individual neurons in the mouse brain, revealing a dependence on both brain region and transcriptomic profile.

Topological semimetals with space-inversion and time-reversal symmetry breaking have attracted attention recently. Here, using a combination of experimental techniques and calculations, the authors demonstrate the tunability of the Weyl nodes via magnetism and pressure in the ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal CeAlSi.

Here, the authors apply the Activity-by-Contact (ABC) model to infer enhancer-gene regulation and the effect of associated variants across multiple cancer types, integrating genetic and multi-omics data. Then, they explore the mechanisms associated with ABC regulatory variants in colorectal cancer.

Acute myeloid leukemia cells are often resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Here, the authors suggest that hCINAP contributes to the resistance of acute myeloid leukemia cells by regulating SUMOylation of Nucleophosmin during the DNA-damage response.

A study reports an orally available small-molecule agonist that binds between a G protein and its receptor, and characterizes this new binding mode.

Here the authors pull apart the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment using RNA sequencing data from a wide variety of cancer types. They identify immunity quantitative trait loci and integrate these data with analysis of colorectal cancer cohorts, creating a polygenic risk score and a database for community access.

In this study the authors introduce BILLIE, a bi-level framework for equation identification that decouples term selection and quantification, enhancing robustness and accuracy in modeling nonlinear systems. BILLIE outperforms existing methods in handling complex systems and imperfect data, as demonstrated through both simulations and real-world biological applications.

The photocatalytic reforming of plastics into value-added chemicals offers a promising strategy to address environmental challenges while providing significant energy benefits. Here, the authors develop modified carbon nitride with enhanced visible light absorption, effectively anchoring under-coordinated IrN₂O₂ sites to catalyze the oxidation of persistent plastic derivatives.

Shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) is a crucial scenario describing the potential of future socio-economic development. The authors here investigate long-term effects of various government policies suggested by different SSPs on urban land and reveal the impact of future urban expansion on other land and food production.

Purposely patterned surfaces impregnated with oil harbor a range of unusual wetting phenomena. Experiments now reveal long-range attraction between millimeter-sized water droplets on such surfaces, leading to three-stage coalescence.

Rapid summer Russian Arctic sea-ice decline is responsible for about 80% of the increase in vapor pressure deficit controlling wildfires over eastern Siberia. The rest is controlled by internal atmospheric variability related to changes in Siberian blocking events.

While monolayer of 1T-TaS₂ is considered to be a Mott insulator, the nature of the bulk insulating state is debated. Here the authors introduce a ladder-type structures with fractional misalignment of adjacent layers, showing that it becomes a Mott insulator due to decoupling between the layers.

Apple is one of the most important fruit crops. Here, the authors perform deep genome resequencing of 117 diverse accessions and reveal comprehensive models of apple origin, speciation, domestication, and fruit size evolution as well as candidate genes associated with important agronomic traits.

mBrainAligner is a cross-modal registration platform for whole mouse brains imaged with different modalities. In addition, a fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography-based mouse brain atlas has been generated.

Low-grade heat conversion has recently emerged and displayed great promise in sustainable electronics and energy areas. Here, the authors propose a new zinc ion thermal charging cell with hybrid behaviours for high value-added conversion from heat to electricity.

A study reports data from the first phase of the Chinese Pangenome Consortium including 116 de novo assemblies from 58 core samples representing 36 minority Chinese ethnic groups.

The electromagnetic (EM) energy released by electronic devices in the environment is largely wasted and contributes to EM pollution. Here, the authors report the synthesis of staggered circular nanoporous graphene enabling the absorption and conversion of EM waves into electricity via the thermoelectric effect.

Fruit acidity is an important factor affecting fleshy fruit taste. Here, the authors identify the PHgene that regulates fruit acidity in a number of species and report a mutation that is responsible for the diversification and evolution of the sweet melon.

By coordinating copper ions with the oxygen-containing groups of cellulose nanofibrils, the molecular spacing in the nanofibrils is increased, allowing fast transport of lithium ions and offering hopes for solid-state batteries.