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The interlayer π-π stacking primarily results in irreversible dispersibility of GO, providing supramolecular view for the regulation of graphene-based materials.

Euglenophytes evolved via secondary endosymbiosis, exemplifying plastid evolution. Here, the authors solve Euglena gracilis’ photosystem I structure, revealing specific protein organizations and structural features for far-red light absorption. This work informs the engineering of photosystem.

Studying RNA in cellular condensates requires precise tools. Here, the authors developed an orthogonal RNA aptamer system for simultaneous RNA visualization and targeted degradation, revealing new roles for specific RNAs in stress granule and NP body dynamics.

2D semiconductors are considered a promising platform to complement silicon in next-generation electronics. Here, the authors report the fabrication of generic logic blocks based on bias-gated 2D MoS₂ transistors, showing the design of logic circuits with transistor count saving of over 60% compared to conventional Si electronics.

A soft three-dimensional core–shell cable can form reliable free-standing interconnects between soft, rigid and hybrid electronic components, and can be stretched by up to around 800%.

HorusEye is a foundation model for universal X-ray tomography restoration that learns realistic degradation directly from data. It supports imaging at substantially lower doses and reduces hardware requirements while improving expert analysis and downstream AI performance.

Femtosecond laser pulse-induced coherent helicity switching of magnetic vortices in permalloy disks on picosecond timescales is reported.

A meta-topological hydrogel suppresses multisource motion artefacts across tailored frequencies, enabling artefact-free haemodynamic and electrophysiological recording with robust fatigue profiling.

Farnesyl pyrophosphate—a mevalonate pathway metabolic intermediate—is an endogenous alarmin that enhances IgG antibody responses through keratinocyte-derived IL-6 and CCL20.

The human LRP8 protein is a receptor for yellow fever viruses (YFVs). Knockdown of the mosquito orthologue reduces YFV infection in mosquitoes, whereas overexpression of human LRP8 aggravates YFV infection in mice. Purified LRP8 protein blocks YFV infection.

An in situ computational spectrometer, implemented on a fully integrated 576-Kb memristor chip, can reconstruct a single spectrum in 125.0 ns and consumes only 6.7 nJ of energy, achieving software-equivalent accuracy.

An injectable pH-sensitive nanoadjuvant is shown to induce effective pyroptosis of tumours, which, combined with the in situ photoactivable release of TLR agonists, generates a strong vaccine-like response to eradicate the tumour.

This study finds that synchronized maturation of gray matter myelination, not just white matter wiring, is strongly linked to the emergence of functional brain networks in newborns.

Labdane derived hapmnioide-type diterpenoids, which have been identified as chemical markers for Haplomitrium liverwort, show potent anti-inflammatory and allelopathic activities. Here, the authors report the total synthesis of seven typical Haplomitrium diterpenoids through late-stage biomimetic skeletal reorganization.

Femtosecond electrochemical transient absorption spectroscopy is employed to explore the fundamental origin of anodic corrosion. It reveals that Ir corrosion originates from ultrafast proton–electron synchronization and that CeO₂ can create femtosecond-scale proton–electron asynchrony for corrosion-resistant low-Ir anodes.

Chen et al. introduce SequenTx, a virtual-cell-inspired framework for the rational design of sequential therapy. It offers a computational strategy to navigate therapy-induced tumour evolution by modelling dynamic cellular state transitions.

TRIP6 phosphorylation triggers a signalling cascade that promotes glycolysis in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cells. The resulting lactate accumulation drives extracellular lactylation of CD44 on CD8⁺ T cells, thereby compromising their anti-tumour activity.

Microbial cells have emerged as a versatile platform for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, but their application to produce single-atom catalysts (SACs) has been rarely studied. Here, the authors develop a facile method for the ambient synthesis of SACs with a high loading by in situ reduction of metal ions on the cells overexpressing a catalytically active enzyme, producing chemo-bio bifunctional catalysts (SAC@cell).

A testis-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, ECSASB9, governs spermiogenesis by promoting TUBB4A degradation. Disruption of this pathway impairs male fertility, and pathogenic ASB9 variants are found in infertile men.

Fibre integrated circuits created by first preparing circuitry on extremely thin and flexible substrates and then mechanically rolling them up demonstrate microdevice density reaching 100,000 transistors per centimetre and excellent stability under harsh service conditions.

Understanding how biosilica forms is crucial to our knowledge of this important biomaterial. Now, the role of collagen as structuring agent for the metre-long spicules of a primitive glass sponge has been revealed and found to have an unusual peptide motif.

Exemplified by Bi_0.4Sb_1.6Te₃, the authors reveal the reason for low thermal conductivity induced by compositional inhomogeneity lies in randomly aligned edge dislocations induced by random composition distribution.

The relocalization of the vacuolar calcium pump Cdt1 to the plasma membrane contributes to fluconazole adaptation in Candida auris.

Understanding multi-state protein conformations is essential for elucidating their functions and developing targeted therapies. Here, the authors introduce EvoSplit, leveraging MSA Transformer to disentangle coevolutionary signals associated with distinct conformations, outperforming AF-Cluster in modeling fold-switching proteins and identifying new conformations of GTPases and HRAS.

Hydrocephalus, a disorder characterized by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) overproduction and impaired blood-CSF barrier function, lacks effective non-invasive treatments. Here, authors show that a multi-functional nanomedicine (siR/RSV@TNP) combining anti-inflammatory resveratrol and SPAK siRNA restores blood-CSF barrier integrity, reduces CSF overproduction, and prevents hydrocephalus in mice, offering a promising therapeutic strategy.

In this study, long-read RNA sequencing achieves accurate single-nucleotide polymorphism calling, haplotype phasing and allele-specific expression analysis.

Human visual system relies on temporal attention to detect moving objects before high-level processing with large computational overheads. Wang et al. emulate this function in a neuromorphic hardware, showing a 400% speedup compared to algorithm-based visual perception and surpassing human capabilities.

In this work, authors show that micro- and nanoplastics at environmentally relevant levels promote conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between bacteria by altering oxidative stress, membrane permeability and energy metabolism.

Single-crystal alloy thin films (SATFs) are appealing for applications in crystal epitaxy, surface catalysis, and energy conversion. Here, the authors report a method to synthesize wafer-scale binary and ternary SATFs with sub-nanometer roughness, which can be used as substrates for the growth of high-quality graphene single crystals.

Aging is characterised by visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation but the molecular mechanisms driving or inhibiting the VAT-driven processes are not fully known. Here the authors identify BAFF as a soluble mediator in VAT to promote the expansion of regulatory B cells that produce IL-10 to inhibit aging-related inflammation.

The pivotal role of Al in the spatiotemporal alignment of hole transfer and surface catalytic water oxidation in SrTiO₃:Al enables highly efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting.

Eukaryotic Fanzor proteins are compact and advantageous for delivery, but their activity remains limited. Here, the authors engineer an improved Fanzor2 system (evoMmeFz2) using structure-guided and AI-assisted strategies to enable efficient exon skipping in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy model.

Strong paramagnetism is generated in hydrogels rich in carbon–oxygen double bonds simply by coupling with diamagnetic Ca cations. These paramagnetic hydrogels are applied as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and magnetic drug carriers.

Li et al. report the cryo-EM structures of type-I and type-II Lamassu systems in apo and double-stranded DNA-bound states, revealing the unique architecture and mechanisms of this prokaryotic antiphage system.

Psychological stress-mediated dysregulation of catecholamine signalling rewires the hepatic kynurenine pathway, which in turn impairs liver CD8⁺ T cell function and promotes liver cancer progression.

Titanosilicates in combination with H₂O₂ catalyse the ammoxidation of cyclohexanone to cyclohexanone oxime, a key Nylon precursor. Integrating a step for the in situ synthesis of H₂O₂ can lead to important efficiency gains but remains challenging. Here the authors report low-loaded subnanometric Pd clusters on titanium mordenite as an efficient catalyst for this transformation.

LRBA deficiency is associated with autoimmune disease and CTLA4 loss; this study identifies LRBA as a negative regulator of antitumor immunity and introduces LC427 as a promising small-molecule inhibitor of the CTLA4-LRBA interaction for cancer immunotherapy.

Large language models are starting to be used in safety-critical tasks such as controlling robots. Zhou et al. present LabSafety Bench, a benchmark evaluating the ability of large language models to identify hazards and assess laboratory risks.

Environmental and genetic factors affect the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here the authors show a loss of function Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA 1 (ADAR) variant that results in accumulation of dsRNA which is sensed by MDA5 and promotes bowel inflammation.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

This study reports DLFea4AMPGen, a peptide design strategy that leverages deep learning to identify and extract key features for the generation of new antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which allowed for the identification of 12 AMPs with bioactivity.

Neuroimaging of the cerebellum in infants has been challenging. Here the authors describe a framework for cerebellum MRI segmentation in infants up to 2 years.

A mechanical exfoliation method for producing freestanding metal oxide ultrathin flakes is reported. The flakes can be transferred and integrated with 2D materials, providing a platform to investigate the fundamental properties of ultrathin metal oxides.

Gao, Bai and colleagues identify peroxisomal MFE-2 as an essential regulator for microglial homeostasis in Alzheimer’s disease, showing that maintaining MFE-2 reduces neuroinflammation and slows Alzheimer’s disease progression, making it a potential therapeutic target.

The authors conducted a genome-wide association study of bipolar disorder (BD) in Han Chinese and integrated PGC4 East Asian and European datasets, discovering 23 novel loci, prioritizing 39 credible risk genes and implicating BD-related cell types and druggable targets.