Here the authors determine a 2.8 Å cryo-EM structure of the Vo domain of V/A-ATPase, showing how protonation of Glu residues in the c12-ring drives ATP synthesis. Molecular dynamics simulations highlight that asymmetry in protonation of Glu residues biases c12-ring rotation.
- Jun-ichi Kishikawa
- Yui Nishida
- Ken Yokoyama