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Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

The balance between cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest is essential for liver regeneration. Here the authors report the emergence of partially reprogrammed hepatocytes persisting in plastic states during liver tissue injury, which are resistant to proliferation thereby limiting overgrowth and tumorigenesis.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Monolayer amorphous carbon (a-C) has attracted attention due to its structural and electronic properties, but its synthesis has so far required the use of metal substrates. Here, the authors report the Te-assisted growth of large-scale 2D a-C patterns on various insulating substrates, confirming their insulating properties in quantum tunnelling devices.

A clinical study of women with abnormal breast mammograms establishes a workflow to evaluate the capability of breast photoacoustic computed tomography in the classification, monitoring and segmentation of lesions.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

Using multi-ancestry genome-wide association study and fine-mapping, 298 loci and 36 credible genes are identified in the aetiology of bipolar disorder.

1T-TaS2 possesses complex electronic phase behaviors in transition-metal di-chalcogenides, undergoing several charge-ordered phases before finally into an insulating state of unknown origin. Here, the authors determine its electronic and structural properties experimentally, revealing its origin.

Transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes possess symmetry-breaking properties promising for fundamental physics research. Here, the authors report a direct synthesis of crystalline MoS₂ nanotubes exhibiting strong polarization and bulk photovoltaic effects.

Catalyst screening is an important process but it’s usually time-consuming and labor intensive. Here the authors report the prediction of oxygen vacancy for perovskites using machine learning techniques to develop suitable oxygen electrocatalysts for solid oxide fuel cells at reduced temperatures.

Observations of γ-rays with energies up to 1.4 PeV find that 12 sources in the Galaxy are PeVatrons, one of which is the Crab Nebula.

The transcription factor CREM is a pivotal regulator of NK cell function, making CREM a valuable target to increase the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapies based on this cell population and chimeric antigen receptors.

Strontium ruthenate is an odd-parity superconductor that could support Majorana fermions. Ying et al. report that the critical temperature doubles near lattice dislocations in this material compared with its bulk, arising from effects that could be found in other unconventional superconductors.

Chiral crystals with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) termed Kramers Weyl semimetals possess Weyl points at time-reversal invariant momenta. Here, the authors propose a new class of topological materials with doubly degenerate lines connecting time-reversal invariant momenta in achiral noncentrosymmetric materials with SOC.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of gastric cancer at different stages from noncontrast computed tomography is suggested to be feasible in a retrospective analysis of large and diverse cohorts, including real-world populations in opportunistic and targeted screening scenarios.

The neural circuits that transmit cool signals remain not fully understood. Here, authors identify a spinal circuit in mice that transmits cool sensations from the skin to the brain, revealing a dedicated neural pathway for detecting innocuous cool temperatures.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

Wood density is an important plant trait. Data from 1.1 million forest inventory plots and 10,703 tree species show a latitudinal gradient in wood density, with temperature and soil moisture explaining variation at the global scale and disturbance also having a role at the local level.

Analysis of ground-sourced and satellite-derived models reveals a global forest carbon potential of 226 Gt outside agricultural and urban lands, with a difference of only 12% across these modelling approaches.

Disorder has emerged as a promising tool to manipulate properties of superconducting circuits. Here the authors demonstrate the use of disordered spinodal superconductor for fluxonium qubit fabrication and reveal an interesting correlation between the material disorder and the 1/f-type flux noise.

A proof-of-principle study reports a complete photonic quantum computer architecture that can, once appropriate component performance is achieved, deliver a universal and fault-tolerant quantum computer.

Knock-in mice conditionally or constitutively expressing Cas12 variants enable a wide range of ex vivo and in vivo applications requiring multiplexed genome engineering.

An ultra-low-loss integrated photonic chip fabricated on a customized multilayer silicon nitride 300-mm wafer platform, coupled over fibre with high-efficiency photon number resolving detectors, is used to generate Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill qubit states.

Genome-wide analyses identify variants associated with sinus node dysfunction, distal conduction disease and pacemaker implantation, implicating ion channel function, cardiac developmental programs and sarcomeric structure in bradyarrhythmia susceptibility.

Modules of foldable crystalline silicon solar cells retain their power-conversion efficiency after being subjected to bending stress or exposure to air-flow simulations of a violent storm.

The authors demonstrate the effectiveness of T cells in controlling acute viral infections, without neutralizing antibodies, by conducting an Orthoflavivirus vaccination and challenge study in humans.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

Understanding the heterogeneity of HIV infection, such as in persons with non-suppressible HIV-1 viremia despite adherence to antiretroviral treatment, is crucial to better tailor therapeutic interventions to abrogate HIV-1 persistence.

Unbiased selection of CAR-T cells is achieved by massively parallel knock-in engineering.

A high-resolution kidney cellular atlas of 51 main cell types, including rare and previously undescribed cell populations, represents a comprehensive benchmark of cellular states, neighbourhoods, outcome-associated signatures and publicly available interactive visualizations.

Glass-to-glass transitions can help understanding the glass nature, but it remains difficult to tune metallic glasses into significantly different glass states. Here the authors demonstrate the high-entropy effects in glass-to-glass transitions of high-entropy metallic glasses.

Genome-wide analyses in over one million self-reported cases and controls identify genetic variants associated with stuttering and find genetic correlations with autism, depression and impaired musical rhythm, supporting a potential neurological basis for stuttering.

Longitudinal sampling is used to map the evolution of an HIV-1 virus from the time of infection, and the co-evolution of a broadly neutralizing antibody in the same infected patient; the findings have important implications for HIV vaccine development.

Perovskite solar cells can complement silicon photovoltaics in multijunction devices. Here, the authors optimize light harvesting in monolithic perovskite-on-silicon devices and fabricate a certified 23.6% efficient, 1 cm² tandem solar cell with a perovskite device that withstands damp heat tests.

This study demonstrates that tuning the grain boundary density in nanoparticle assemblies by controlling nanoparticle collisions significantly enhances their activity, selectivity, and stability towards electrocatalytic reactions.

Using single-cell/single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic analysis, Calcagno and Taghdiri et al. define the ischemic border zone—the area between the poorly perfused infarct area and the remote zones of the heart—based on the cardiomyocyte transcriptomes. The transcriptional border zone emerges within an hour of the ischemic injury and can be observed in response to any injury that causes loss of neighboring cells and mechanical destabilization, including the trauma induced with a fine needle.

Achieving long-cycle-life, aqueous, dual-electrode-free Zn/MnO₂ batteries with high energy density is challenging. This work introduces a liquid crystal interphase in the electrolytes with soft templating effects, considerably enhancing performance.

The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network has constructed a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex in a landmark effort towards understanding brain cell-type diversity, neural circuit organization and brain function.

In 2014 China proposed an ultra-low emissions policy for coal-fired power plants to reduce emissions. Using comprehensive nationwide stack emissions monitoring data, Tang et al. show reductions in excess of 60% for SO₂, NO_x and particulate matter emissions since 2014, even as power generation overall increased.

In three-dimensional metals, topological objects known as Weyl nodes can arise from a crossing of the conduction and valence bands. Experiments under high magnetic fields show how Weyl nodes of opposite chiralities can move together to annihilate.

The scarcity and high price of noble metal catalysts pose critical challenges for the chemical industry, and finding strategies that ensure complete atom efficiency has become a pivotal endeavour. This work introduces the fabrication of amorphous single-layer PtSe_x catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction with high atom-utilization efficiency.

White lupin is a legume crop that develops cluster roots for efficient phosphate acquisition. Here, the authors assemble its triplicated genome, reveal gene expression difference among sub-genomes, and characterize possible pathways related to high phosphorus-use efficiency.

Understanding photo-physics giving rise to quantum beating oscillations in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites aids their applications in spintronics and quantum information science. Here, authors demonstrate that quantum beatings observed in single crystal perovskite at cryogenic temperatures are originating from positive and negative trions.

Examining drivers of the latitudinal biodiversity gradient in a global database of local tree species richness, the authors show that co-limitation by multiple environmental and anthropogenic factors causes steeper increases in richness with latitude in tropical versus temperate and boreal zones.

Alternative stable states in forests have implications for the biosphere. Here, the authors combine forest biodiversity observations and simulations revealing that leaf types across temperate regions of the NH follow a bimodal distribution suggesting signatures of alternative forest states.

Pneumocystis jirovecii is a fungus that can cause life-threatening pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Here, the authors sequence the genomes of P. jirovecii and two other Pneumocystisspecies, and show the unexpected absence of chitin (a near universal fungal cell wall component).