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Research on dualities is commonly restricted to one-to-one mappings. Here, by incorporating artificial gauge fields, the authors demonstrate 2D and 3D acoustic metamaterials enabling ℤ₂ × ℤ₂ and (ℤ₂)⁶ duality groups, respectively, where distinct structures share identical band structures, and self-duality gives rise to symmetry-protected high-order degeneracies.

Self-assembled monolayers struggle to uniformly coat textured surfaces, limiting high-efficiency perovskite and silicon tandem solar cells. Du et al. increase surface hydroxyl groups by incorporating carbon into polysilicon, enabling stable monolayer attachment and record device efficiency.

Owing to the lack of precise atomic-level control offered by existing fabrication techniques over the edge structures in bilayer graphene, experimental studies on the edge effects in bilayer graphene structures have so far largely remained unexplored. Here the authors synthesize two fully cove-edged bilayer nanographenes and demonstrate their application in NIR-II bioimaging.

Tang et al. demonstrate that disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy is driven not only by dystrophin deficiency but also by ANXA11-mediated failure of regenerative myofiber maturation. Targeting ANXA11 improves muscle regeneration and function in mdx mice.

Chen et al. report a strategy of separating dipping and coating processes for fabricating highly conductive and comprehensive wearable graphene electronic fabrics. This low-cost methodology achieves 200-meter roll mass production, offering a universal platform for next-generation wearable technologies.

Dysregulated CD59 drives uncontrolled complement activation in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Here, the authors show in a mouse NMOSD model that endothelial SPARC suppresses astrocytic CD59 by blocking the VEGFA/VEGFR2 axis, promoting astrocytopathy, that might offer a potential therapeutic strategy.

Topolectrical circuits are a platform useful for testing modern physical models. Here, the authors develop a deep-learning-empowered programmable topolectrical circuit enabling control over the lattice Hamiltonian. They observe boundary states in higher-order topological systems, adiabatic phase transitions, and flat-band Landau levels, achieve position-controllable Anderson localisation, and demonstrate applications in information encryption and anticounterfeiting.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication, but early identification of women at risk remains difficult due to limited biomarkers. Here, the authors show that cell-free DNA fragmentomics from maternal blood can predict preeclampsia risk early in pregnancy.

Peptide asparaginyl ligases (PALs) are powerful protein engineering tools but remain rare. Here, authors mine natural diversity in Viola to discover 29 new PALs, reveal pH-dependent mechanism, and define transferable expression-increasing principles.

A new metasurface design method achieves ultra-dispersive metalenses with phase variations exceeding 1200π—a more than 30-fold enhancement over existing approaches—enabling miniature chromatic confocal sensors with 13 mm range and 50 nm resolution.

Enhancer RNAs and other noncoding RNAs are difficult to monitor in living cells. Here, the authors develop REDDIT, a sensitive reporter for tracking transcription of coding and noncoding RNAs, and use it to identify pathways regulating a lncRNA and an enhancer RNA in stem cells.

Here, the authors show that the temporomandibular joint contains a previously unrecognized synovial lymphatic network. Disrupted lymphatics in inflammatory arthritis amplify synovitis, cartilage degeneration, bone loss, and pain behaviors, whereas enhancing lymphatic activity restores drainage, reduces inflammation, and alleviates pain.

Light sensing in haloarchaea depends on sensory rhodopsin transducer assemblies that convert light signals into phototactic responses. Here, authors resolve the cryo-EM structure of the SRI HtrI complex, revealing how receptor and transducer domains couple to transmit signals.

A macrolide resistant Bordetella pertussis lineage (MT28) carrying a high-virulence allele (ptxP3) has been reported as a predominant lineage in China. Here, the authors show that MT28 has enhanced colonization and inflammatory characteristics.

Elevated exposure to 4-hydroxyphenanthrene (4-OHPhe) is positively associated with obesity risk. Here, the authors show that exposure to 4-OHPhe downregulates expression of hydroxylamine reductase genes in Bacteroides uniformis, leading to altered gut microbiota-bile acid-FXR axis and suppression of adipose thermogenesis.

mGWAS reveals ZmICE1 as a key hub for integrating amino acid metabolic pathways and cold tolerance in maize. Natural variation in ZmICE1 promoter regulates the binding affinity of ZmMYB39, which confers the diverse cold tolerance in maize.

Aging boosts diabetic kidney disease risk via shared renal pathology. Renal RORγ is downregulated in diabetes/aging; its tubule-specific loss worsens injury, and overexpression protects. RORγ stabilizes INSIG1 via YOD1/CAB39, blocking SREBP2/STING.

Combining connectomics, physiology and behavior, this study shows how the cerebellum decides when to learn. Synchronized climbing-fiber error signals lift an inhibitory signal gate on Purkinje cells, enabling synaptic plasticity and motor adaptation.

The authors demonstrate a dual-functional antiferroelectric device that combines sensing, memory, and neural activation in a single architecture, enabling compact and low power in-sensor computing for medical image recognition.

Metabolic profiling of extracellular vesicles for diagnostic applications remains challenging. Here authors develop ACTIVITY, a cascade-catalysis strategy to detect metabolically active extracellular vesicles, enabling macrophage phenotyping and differentiation of pneumonia patients from healthy controls.

Emerging evidence suggests that organs age at different rates. This study identifies a mechanism by which the naturally hypoxic intervertebral disc ages relatively slowly, via selective autophagy of HIF-1α, and designs a small molecule to export this mechanism across tissues.

How magnetic impurities influence superconductivity and electronic order in kagome metals remains unclear. Now anisotropic Kondo resonances intertwined with the superconducting gap are observed in a magnetically doped kagome superconductor.

Designing complex carbon frameworks for specific applications often relies on trial-and-error. Here, authors integrate machine learning and interfacial mechanisms to evolve graphene quantum dot carbon frameworks, enabling selective detection and clearance of metabolically reprogrammed senescent cells.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

Limited heat dissipation at perovskite interfaces causes local overheating and accelerates degradation in perovskite photovoltaics. Now a solution-processable alkynyl-porphyrin conjugated polymer is inserted between the perovskite and hole-transport layers to enhance interfacial heat dissipation while maintaining efficient charge transport. This thermal and electronic management boosts device efficiency and operational stability.

Engineered blood clots using rapidly crosslinked red blood cells form within seconds, greatly improving toughness and adhesion while effectively stopping bleeding and enhancing tissue repair.

Microplastics and nanoplastics were found at a higher level in brain tumour samples from living patients than in healthy human brain samples from cadavers, with a correlation between microplastic surface area and tumour proliferation.

The DAMPE satellite observed a universal charge-dependent spectral softening in primary cosmic rays, and ruled out mass-dependent softening with >99.999% confidence.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

An anticancer drug secretion system based on engineered mammary organoids inhibits tumour recurrence in a mouse post-surgical breast cancer model and promotes mammary gland reconstruction.

Exceptional points and their related phenomena are limited to a narrow bandwidth and require precise control to realize. Now a high-dimensional generalization of exceptional points is shown to enable broadband non-Hermitian dynamics.

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

The authors reveal intrinsic long-range-order noncollinear electric dipole order in the van der Waals crystal WO₂Br₂, enabling pressure-driven 90° polarization rotation via multiple transition pathways and distinctive ultrafast phonon dynamics.

Researchers have cloned the broad-spectrum stripe rust resistance gene Yr83 from rye via triticale. This gene encodes a unique NLR–transposase fusion protein, offering a pivotal genetic resource for wheat breeding.

This systematic analysis of electroactive cardiac patches with different conductivities challenges the widely accepted hypothesis that an implant conductivity similar to normal myocardium is optimal for therapeutic and clinical outcomes, and supports the claim using animal models and patient-specific theoretical modelling.

The E3 ubiquitin ligase NLA postively regulates cold tolerance and negatively regulates phosphate uptake in maize, and a genetically engineered variant of this enzyme leads to improved cold tolerance and enhanced phosphate uptake, improving yield in field trials.