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Androgen activity in the male embryonic hindbrain prolongs hindbrain differentiation in male individuals and drives sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymoma, an aggressive childhood brain tumour.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is approved for the treatment of transfusion-dependent thalassemia but remains limited to the use of matched sibling donors. In this multi-centre, phase-4 prospective clinical trial, the authors evaluate the use of alloHSCT with matched unrelated donors and haploidentical relatives.

Ziyi Hu and colleagues report a combined 3D reconstruction and simulation method to reveal the cause of the wiggling effect in advanced Dynamic Random Access Memory. This method provides a tool for etching process optimization to improve reliability

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

In this work the authors uncover a transient non-Hermitian skin effect. Using a passive system, they confirm the exact evolution of NHSE by leveraging the complex-frequency excitation. This demonstration can be extended to other non-Hermitian phenomena in various passive systems.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a type of radiotherapy that induces cell damage through a localized nuclear reaction. Here the authors describe the design of a carborane-based covalent organic framework as a boron capsule loaded with immune adjuvants for concurrent BNCT and immunotherapy, promoting anti-tumour immune responses in preclinical cancer models.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

The core circadian transcription factor BMAL1 regulates circadian-dependent myocardial injury.

A wax-aided immersion methodology is developed to yield graphene rolls with tunable chiral angles; these graphene rolls exhibit promising chiral electronic properties beyond those of other carbon allotropes.

Liquid metal inks are promising for flexible electronics, but it is challenging to produce liquid metal inks due to surface tension and density. Here, the authors design a liquid metal-cryogel system to increase liquid metal concentration.

Decarbonizing the European ammonia industry: Less stringent emissions caps for electrolytic hydrogen production can significantly reduce costs and land use while still achieving more than 90% reduction in emissions relative to fossil-based hydrogen.

The identification of HLA epitopes is essential for vaccine and immunotherapy development. Here, authors develop ImmuneApp using deep learning on extensive immunopeptidomics data, advancing antigen presentation prediction, neoepitope prioritisation, and immunopeptidomics deconvolution.

Here, the authors perform a whole-genome sequencing association analysis of genetic variants in ≤11,840 multi-ethnic participants with ≤1666 circulating metabolites, discovering 1985 novel variant-metabolite associations and insights into human disease.

The dysregulation of the m⁶A epitranscriptomic networks have been reported to contribute to the development of gliomas. Here, the authors utilize induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes with a p53 mutation and demonstrate that mutant p53 upregulates the m⁶A reader YTHDF2, resulting in the initiation of gliomas.

A ternary metallic alloy VS_2xSe_2(1–x) that has a tunable work function can be grown using chemical vapour deposition and used as contacts for two-dimensional semiconductors.

Xiao et al. report that adoptively transferred tumor-specific CD8⁺ interleukin-9-producing cytotoxic T cells promote the recruitment and activation of host effector CD4⁺ T cells to control the outgrowth of tumors with antigen loss.

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a versatile method to synthesize 2D materials, but usually requires high growth temperatures. Here, the authors report a BiOCl-assisted CVD approach to grow 2D nanosheets from 27 different layered and nonlayered materials at temperatures <500 °C, which are compatible with back-end-of-the-line industrial processes.

The authors introduce DD2D, a physics-guided deep learning method that predicts 2D structures directly from diffraction patterns using a twin-tower framework. The method demonstrates high anti-interference, robust recognition, and up to 99.0% prediction accuracy, showing promise for future 2D materials discoveries.

A van der Waals epitaxial strategy is reported for growing intrinsic quantum dots (QDs) by modulating interfacial couplings on van der Waals surfaces. This method overcomes lattice mismatch constraints and produces versatile III–V and IV–VI QDs with controllable morphologies, broadening near-infrared photoresponse in InSb QDs/MoS₂ by efficient interlayer charge transfer.

Here, the authors fabricate hybrid van der Waals heterostructures based on 2D tessellations of DNA origami thin films, graphene and boron nitride, showing that the DNA films can induce periodic superlattices at the interface and modulate the electronic properties of the samples.

Antiferromagnets have a variety of attractive features such as rapid operation, lack of stray fields, and insensitivity to external perturbations, that make an exciting prospect for memory and computing applications. Unfortunately, readout of the antiferromagnetic state is challenging. Here, Yan, Mao and coauthors demonstrate an antiferromagnet that can be switched between antiferromagnetic phases via piezoelectric strain with a large difference in the resistance between the two antiferromagnetic phases.

Finding the process parameters in molecular beam epitaxy for a specific density of quantum dots is a multidimensional optimization challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate real-time feedback controlled self-assembled InAs/GaAs QDs growth based on machine learning (ML) outputs.

Flexible electronic hydrogels that allow conformal tissue integration, online precision diagnosis, and simultaneous tissue regeneration are desired for advancing the treatment of myocardial infarction. Here, the authors report a chronological adhesive hydrogel patch integrating diagnostic and therapeutic functions through mechanophysiological monitoring and electrocoupling therapy.

Better analytical methods are needed to extract biological meaning from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of psychiatric disorders. Here the authors take GWAS data from over 60,000 subjects, including patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression, and identify common etiological pathways shared amongst them.

Yuzhalin et al. report that astrocyte-mediated upregulation of Cdk5 in metastatic breast cancer cells inhibits MHC-I expression on the cell surface, thereby enabling escape from killing by CD8⁺ T cells and facilitating brain metastasis.

CrSe₂ nanosheets grown on WSe₂ show no apparent change in surface roughness or magnetic properties after months of exposure in air. Calculations suggest that charge transfer from the WSe₂ substrate and interlayer coupling within CrSe₂ play a critical role.

Controlling temperature-depending charge transport in organic semiconductors is key to tailoring their electronic properties. Here, the authors report a potential barrier engineering strategy for modulating thermally-activated charge transport in organic semiconductors.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data across 2,658 tumors spanning 38 cancer types shows that chromothripsis is pervasive, with a frequency of more than 50% in several cancer types, contributing to oncogene amplification, gene inactivation and cancer genome evolution.

Analysis of mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) by using whole-genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancer samples across 38 cancer types identifies hypermutated mtDNA cases, frequent somatic nuclear transfer of mtDNA and high variability of mtDNA copy number in many cancers.

Efficient, large-scale genomic analysis is facilitated on the cloud by a computational tool with error-diagnosing and self-healing capabilities.