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In this Journal Club, Michaela Fencková discusses a study published in 2020 that examined the effects of acute systemic inflammation on brain glucose metabolism in the context of delirium.
A population of macrophages has been found in muscle spindles that release glutamate, activate primary sensory afferents that are part of the stretch reflex, and have a role in regulating locomotion.
Metastability is a concept from dynamical systems. In the brain, it is thought to reflect the balance between the cooperative and independent functioning of brain areas or neuronal populations. In this Review, Hancock, Rosas and colleagues provide an overview of metastability in neuroscience.
The influence anatomy exerts on communication between brain regions remains unclear. In this Review, Greaves et al. synthesize how methods of structural connectivity integration constrain inference-based or prediction-based models of directed connectivity to better understand how one brain region exerts control over another.
Substance-use disorders (SUDs) are characterized by chronic relapse. However, many of those affected eventually do achieve recovery. Engeln and Ahmed describe insights from clinical and preclinical studies of remission that suggest that recovery from substance-use disorders involves both reversal of drug-induced circuit changes and new neural circuit adaptations.
The set of proteins present at synapses determines their heterogeneous functions and properties. In this Review, van Oostrum and Schuman describe the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the diversity of the synaptic proteome and consider how this molecular complexity can be captured by approaches for synapse classification.
Studies in human cell lines and transgenic mouse models show that non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 phosphorylates tau at Tyr29 and thereby promotes its stabilization and accumulation. In mice, knockdown of TYK2 reduced tau levels and attenuated tau neuropathology.
Through use of the anatomical similarity, structural MRI analytics are now enabling the network organization of individual brains to be mapped. In this Review, Sebenius, Dorfschmidt et al. examine this field of structural MRI similarity network analysis.
Delineating the neurobiology of pathological anxiety remains challenging. In this Review, Akiki et al. synthesize task-based functional MRI evidence for how vulnerabilities within circuits that mediate acute, distant and sustained threat, reward processing, cognitive control and social processing can lead to its emergence and maintenance.
Interoceptive, feeding-related inputs are integrated by BDNF-expressing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus that project to the brainstem and regulate food intake and feeding-associated jaw movements.
In this Journal Club, Anna Gillespie discusses how the discovery of hippocampal replay during the awake state reshaped our understanding of its role in memory function.
Rapid-acting antidepressant interventions, such as ketamine and psilocybin, are thought to enhance neural plasticity. This Review outlines evidence of synaptic deficits in individuals with major depressive disorder before discussing in vivo longitudinal studies of antidepressant-evoked structural plasticity in rodents. Translational opportunities, research gaps and challenges are also considered.
