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The epigenetic and transcriptional roles of Nucleoporin 98 (NUP98) fusion oncoproteins in driving pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain to be explored. Here, the authors identify a core set of genes regulated by NUP98::KDM5A and suggest CDK12 as a potential therapeutic vulnerability.

Metformin is under clinical trial for brain neuroprotection but how it may work is poorly understood. Here, the authors show that metformin helps myelin formation by human oligodendrocytes and improves mitochondrial action in all brain cells.

ChReef is an optogenetic actuator for sustained optogenetic control of excitable cells in a variety of preclinical applications.

Analyses of ancient human DNA show that cultural and political transformations in Central Europe during the second half of the first millennium ce were associated with movements of Slavic populations into Germany, Poland and Croatia.

Proseg is a segmentation approach for single-cell spatially resolved transcriptomics data that uses unsupervised probabilistic modeling of the spatial distribution of transcripts to accurately segment cells without the need for multimodal staining.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

The exact crystal chemistry of perovskites containing 5f elements has remained a matter of debate. Here, the authors synthesise a BaO-deficient Pu-based perovskite with a composition close to Ba3PuO6 and study the Pu oxidation state, the crystal structure and Ba/Pu ratio, reporting on thermodynamic and magnetic properties and offering new insights into Ba-Pu-O solid-state chemistry.

Early positioning of the embryo nuclei is not well understood. Now, experiments show that the orientation of the mitotic spindle is controlled by topological interactions, which determine whether the nucleus remains inside the Drosophila embryo.

There are limited in vitro and in vivo models to study human fetal exposure to environmental noise. Here, the authors develop a computational model to quantify fetal exposure to acoustic fields, obtaining acoustic transfer characteristics across the human audio range.

Experimental determination of the contact angle of a two-dimensional film is crucial to understand its wettability characteristics. Here, the authors use the captive bubble method to estimate a contact angle value of 42° ± 3° for a monolayer graphene film.

Measurement-induced quantum phases provide prime examples of non-trivial many-body dynamics and collective phenomena, but their experimental detection is difficult due to the post-selection barrier. Here, the authors provide a spin-wave-based approach to monitored quantum dynamics in long-range interacting systems, overcoming this challenge.

The authors demonstrate in a mouse model that Western-style diets synergize with antibiotics to impair microbiota function. In turn, Klebsiella oxytoca promotes post-antibiotic microbiota recovery and removal of the pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Lower bounds on the energy-constrained and unconstrained two-way quantum and secret-key capacities of all phase-insensitive bosonic Gaussian channels are provided. It proves that a non-zero capacity exists for all parameters where the phase-insensitive bosonic Gaussian channels are not entanglement breaking.

A large-scale CRISPR-mediated deep mutational scanning approach is used to interrogate the function of mutations in the endogenous locus of TP53 mapping to the DNA-binding domain.

Aggression in females is understudied in model organisms. Here, the authors establish a model of enhanced aggression in virgin female rats and show that oxytocin and vasopressin systems differentially modulate aggression in distinct neuronal populations of the lateral septum of female rats.

Recognition memory for other individuals forms quickly. Here the authors show that such memories are enabled by oxytocin and can be retrieved from reinforced and more distinct neural representations even when only limited sensory information is available.

The influence of sharp-wave ripples (SPW-Rs) on dendritic computation remains poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate the existence of SPW-R associated, branch-specific, dendritic spikes which serve as a temporal and spatial coincidence detectors during SPW-R-doublets in PV+ interneuron dendrites of awake mice.

The non-coding RNA RNU4-2, which is highly expressed in the developing human brain, is identified as a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder gene, and, using RNA sequencing, 5′ splice-site use is shown to be systematically disrupted in individuals with RNU4-2 variants.

The switching of ferroelectric domains can be used for applications such as information storage. Here, the authors demonstrate that a broad range of domain morphologies can be induced by the tip of a scanning probe microscope, which can be explained by the dynamics of surface charge screening.

Electronically accessible states in vanadium dioxide can be arbitrarily manipulated on short timescales and tracked beyond 10,000 s after excitation.

While fission of single-membrane systems is well understood, the mechanism helping split double membranes (as in organelle division) is unclear. Here, the authors use experiment and theory to discover double membrane fission pathways, and find that a second membrane actually enables splitting.

How the 22q11.2 deletion predisposes to psychiatric disease is unclear. Here, the authors examine living human neuronal cells and show that 22q11.2 regulates the expression of genes linked to autism during early development, and genes linked to schizophrenia and synaptic biology in neurons.

Human-driven landscape change may alter disease transmission among insect pollinators. Here, the authors show that species traits, flower-rich habitat and floral resource overlap with honeybees explain load and prevalence of viruses in wild bees and hoverflies co-occurring with honeybees.

Despite advances in brain-inspired computing, existing electronics use top-down processes that do not compare with neural connections in the brain. Here, the authors report an electrically-tunable electropolymerization process that emulates and controls neural dendritic morphogenesis.

Apoptotic cells display surface signals such as phosphatidlyserines that are recognized by phagocytes via engulfment signal receptors. Here, the authors show how one such receptor, transthyretin-like protein 11, plays a role in initiating axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system.

Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) of the cochlea receive input from hair cells and project to the auditory brainstem. Here, the authors perform single-cell RNA sequencing to identify four SGN subclasses and characterize their molecular profile, electrophysiological properties and connectivity.

Cryo-EM photosystem I structure reveals adaptation mechanisms to extreme high light in Chlorella ohadii.

Obenauf and colleagues report that acquired resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors in melanoma confers cross-resistance to immune checkpoint blockade by fostering a cancer cell–instructed, immune-evasive tumor microenvironment.

The inner hair cells (IHCs) within the cochlea convey sound information and have been thought to be electrically and metabolically independent from each other. Here authors report that a subset of IHCs are electrochemically coupled in ‘mini-syncytia’.

Network activity in primary motor cortex (M1) controls dexterous limb movements. Here, the authors show that the M1 population code varies according to contextual motor demands that are conveyed via the secondary motor cortex (M2).

Charlet, Grinevich et al. show that social touch between female rats activates parvocellular oxytocin neurons; these neurons control social behavior by coordinating the responses of the much larger population of magnocellular oxytocin neurons.

This Resource describes data, code and tools developed for the Human Reference Atlas and the Human BioMolecular Atlas Program for building and navigating a multiscale human atlas.

The authors generate a genome-wide dataset of 102 individuals who lived in Crete, the Greek mainland and the Aegean islands between the Neolithic and the Iron Age, identifying high levels of biological and cultural connectedness within the ancient Aegean.

Uncontrolled secretion of ECM proteins, such as collagen, can lead to excessive scarring. Here the authors describe membrane permeable peptides that target the interface of TANGO1 and cTAGE5, inhibit secretion of ECM components and could be of therapeutic benefit during wound healing and fibrotic processes.

A synaptic neuron and astrocyte program (SNAP) varies among healthy humans, may shape interindividual differences in synapses and plasticity, and is undermined in schizophrenia and with advancing age.

Natural Killer cells regulate foetal growth. Here the authors use a humanized transgenic mouse to demonstrate that specific HLA-C KIR2DL interactions promote changes in maternal and foetal cell transcriptomes, resulting in modifications to placental vasculature, intercellular communications and foetal growth restriction.

Injection of engineered bacteria that convert ammonia to l-arginine into tumours enhance the anti-tumour response in a mouse model and synergize with anti-PD-L1 treatment to clear tumours.

The application of graphite as anodes for anion-intercalation chemistry-based batteries suffers from durability issues. Here authors demonstrate that a positively charged two-dimensional poly(pyridinium salt) membrane can work as the artificial skin of the graphite electrode to enable long-term cycling stability.

Neural interfaces with implantable electrodes are used to modulate and restore function to the peripheral nervous system. Hybrid modeling described in this protocol is used to optimize each aspect of the implantable electrode design and operation.

The conformation of GPCR-arrestin complexes at the cell membrane, despite available structures, remains uncertain. This work reveals structure and dynamics of the PTH1R-arrestin2 complex, including flexible regions, in live cells.

Dewald et al. combine a non-invasive sampling approach (Lolli-Test) with an RT qPCR-pool testing strategy to screen for SARS-CoV-2 infections in children and use the method for surveillance and infection control in > 4000 school and daycare settings.

Guide RNA selection plays an essential role in CRISPR screens, the Vienna Bioactivity CRISPR (VBC) scoring system provides an improved selection for sgRNAs that generate loss-of-function alleles.

Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma with IgD+ lymphocyte-predominant (LP) cells is a rare clinical distinct lymphoma subset of B-cell origin. Here the authors show that antigens expressed by Moraxella catarrhalis are recognized by B cell receptors of IgD+ LP cells, suggesting the contribution of chronic antigen stimulation to lymphomagenesis.

Mn₅Si₃ is an interesting metallic compound that exhibits several antiferromagnetic phases with different collinear and noncollinear arrangements of magnetic moments. Here, anomalous Nernst effect measurements across the magnetic transitions are reported, indicating a symmetry-breaking modification of the magnetic state at low temperatures, in contrast to previous symmetry analysis.