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Dihydrouridine (D) is an abundant RNA modification but its functions are currently unclear. Here, authors develop CRACI, a sensitive method for transcriptome-wide, single-base D mapping, identifying sites across mammalian and plant transcriptomes and identifying DUS2L as a mitochondrial D writer.

The fabrication of electronic devices depends on semiconductor substrates for device growth. The etching technique implemented here by Cheng et al. allows the reuse of these substrates and suggests a more economic fabrication of electronic devices.

A two-dimensional van der Waals material, NbOCl₂, that simultaneously exhibits near-unity linear dichroism (~99%) over 100 nm bandwidth in ultraviolet regime and large birefringence (0.26–0.46) within a wide visible–near-infrared transparency window is reported.

This work proposes a wet-chemical etching assisted aberration-enhanced single-pulsed femtosecond laser nanolithography, named “WEALTH”, for manufacturing small-size, large-area, deep holey nanostructures, promising for emerging nanophotonic devices.

The authors demonstrate an efficient way to generate high-purity vortex beams by applying optical neural networks to cascaded phase-only metasurfaces. Specifically, they present record-high-quality Laguerre-Gaussian (LG_p,l) optical modes with polynomial orders p = 10 and l = 200 with purity in p, l and relative conversion efficiency of 96%, 85%, and 70%, respectively.

The use of a nanopillar lattice and orbital angular momentum provides control over the directionality of light emission on the nanoscale.

Large-scale growth of single crystals on graphene can be useful for the development of 3D/2D or 2D/2D heterostructures. Here, through careful control of growth kinetics, the authors perform multiple cycles of direct growth/transfer of high-quality single-crystal GaN, using a single graphene/SiC substrate.

Here, the authors demonstrate a re-programmable metasurface that can produce arbitrary holographic images for optical encryption. The encrypted information is divided into two matrices and defined to the incident laser to produce arbitrary holographic images.

Here, the authors demonstrate a multi-momentum transformation metasurface. The orbital angular momentum meta-transformer reconstructs different vortex beams into on-axis distinct patterns, and the linear momentum meta-transformer converts red, green and blue beams to vivid color images.

Chiral metasurfaces have been produced, with experimental observation of intrinsic chiral bound states in the continuum, which may lead to applications in chiral light sources and detectors, chiral sensing, valleytronics and asymmetric photocatalysis.

Holographic techniques allow for the construction of 3D images by controlling the wave front of light beams. Huang et al.develop ultrathin plasmonic metasurfaces to provide 3D optical holographic image reconstruction in the visible and near-infrared regions for circularly polarized light.

Metasurfaces offer an approach for computer generated holograms with good efficiency and ease of fabrication. Here, Ye et al.report on spin and wavelength multiplexed nonlinear metasurface holography, showing construction of holographic images using fundamental and harmonic generation waves of different spins.

The wide range of properties encountered in metamaterials make them promising for numerous optical applications. Chenet al. build a plasmonic flat metamaterial lens with an abrupt phase change that functions as a convex lens for one handedness of light and a concave lens for the other.

Bis-silylated alkenes offer the advantage of two functional handles with distinguished reactivity for downstream functionalization. Here, the authors report a nickel-catalyzed bis-silylation of internal alkynes to versatile silylated alkene intermediates which can be chemoselectively manipulated.

Realizing metasurfaces with reconfigurability, high efficiency, and control over phase and amplitude is a challenge. Here, Li et al. introduce a reprogrammable hologram based on a 1-bit coding metasurface, where the state of each unit cell of the coding metasurface can be switched electrically.

The authors demonstrate ultra-broadband microscale optical dispersion in LiNbO₃ crystals, enabling precise and robust on-demand dispersion engineering in free space, with strong potential for applications in informatics and spectroscopy.

An unconventional machine learning-based inverse design framework enables the generation of ultrabroadband and band-selective thermal meta-emitters with complex 3D architectures and diverse material compositions.

Electroreduction of low-concentration NO₃⁻ to NH₃ is limited by NO₃⁻ mass transfer. Here, the authors propose a strategy for NO₃ ⁻ enrichment through charge rearrangement within the inner Helmholtz plane, achieving near-unity conversion of NO₃⁻ to NH₃.

N6 - methyladenosine (m6 A) is a prevalent and abundant mRNA modification, yet its cell-type specific roles remains unclear. Here, the authors show that m6 A modification differentially regulates the transcriptomes of brown and white adipose tissue, resulting in distinct impacts on systemic metabolism.

A zeolite-confined Cu single-atom cluster was developed for the electrochemical CO reduction application, which can achieve stable CO-to-acetate conversion at an industrial current density of 1 A cm⁻² at 2.7 V with a high acetate Faraday efficiency for over 1,000 h at atmospheric pressure.

Topological photonic structures enable robust light transport but face coupling challenges. The authors demonstrate transverse spin matching governs the coupling between the topological waveguide and waveguide, achieving 96.3% theoretical and 94.2% experimental transmission efficiencies.

Spatiotemporal beams differ from standard spatial structured light. The authors introduce 2D spacetime duality to uncover the conventional–spatiotemporal beam connection, enabling the development of high-fidelity spatiotemporal beams.

Electrocatalytic alkyne semi-hydrogenation to alkenes is challenging due to the hydrogen evolution competing reaction and over-hydrogenation. Here, the authors report Cu50Au50 alloy for high selectivity towards styrene production.

The authors demonstrate on-chip circularly polarized light detection using the chiral properties of transition metal dichalcogenide valleytronic transistors on centrosymmetric plasmonic metamaterials.

Achieving sustainability in wireless communications is crucial yet poses significant challenges. To address this, the authors propose and demonstrate a solar-powered programmable metasurface enabling hybrid light-to-microwave wireless communications.

Colorectal cancer is discriminated by measuring cell-free RNA methylation in plasma.

Caustics, as a unique type of singularity in wave phenomena, occur in diverse physical systems. Here, the authors realize multi-dimensional customization of caustics with 3D-printed metasurfaces. This arbitrary caustic engineering is poised to bring new revolutions to many domains.

The Mpemba effect is an archetype for various anomalous relaxation phenomena. Here, the authors experimentally study a quantum version of the Mpemba effect in a single trapped ion system, where relaxation is exponentially accelerated by removing the excitation of the slowest decaying mode. This phenomenon, seen in Markovian open quantum systems containing Liouvillian exceptional points, indicates a link between the Mpemba effect and non-Hermitian physics.

Optical tweezers can apply 3D forces to trap and move microparticles, but application of 3D optical torques for controlled rotations remains challenging. Here, the authors report a technique for controlling 3D optical torque via a single beam, achieving dynamic 3D rotations around an arbitrary axis.

Realizing conversion between microwave and optical signals in free space is a challenge. Here, the authors propose and demonstrate a programmable metasurface that can achieve wireless microwave-laser interconversion for bidirectional air-water cross-media wireless communications.

The authors introduce a loss-enhanced magneto-optical effect and sublinearly amplify the frequency response of a non-Hermitian optical cavity under different background magnetic fields. This effect is exploited to detect subtle magnetic field variations against a strong background with enhanced system response and sensitivity.

Moiré quasicrystals exhibit many exotic phenomena. Here, the authors report an acoustic moiré quasicrystal that not only achieves a localization-delocalization transition, but also enables wave propagation shifting from diffusion to canalization or localization.

A real–momentum topological photonic crystal that harnesses real-space disorder is used to generate a Pancharatnam–Berry phase while preserving momentum-space topology.

Simultaneous control of the direction and polarization of quantum emission using photonic nanostructures is a long-standing challenge in photonics. Here, the authors experimentally demonstrate unidirectional chiral emission from a twisted bilayer metasurface with multi-dimensional control.

We report compact spin-valley-locked perovskite emitting metasurfaces where spin-dependent geometric phases are imparted into bound states in the continuum via Brillouin zone folding, simultaneously enabling chiral purity, directionality and large emission angles.

High-contrast ultrasonic imaging holds significant importance in biomedical and engineering applications. Here, the authors present a compact spatial differentiator tailored for underwater isotropic edge-enhanced imaging, facilitating the realization of high-contrast ultrasonic imaging.

Flat bands have empowered novel phenomena such as canalization, high-collimation and low-loss propagation. Here, the authors propose the concept of symmetry broken moiré systems, which overcomes the limitations of fixed flat bands, enabling multiple and unidirectional canalizations.

The detection of light intensity, polarization, and spectral information with a single device is desired for efficient optical sensing and computing applications. Here, the authors report the realization of metasurface-assisted graphene photodetectors able to simultaneously detect polarization states and wavelengths of broadband infrared light.