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Two-qubit operations exceeding 99% fidelity have been demonstrated by silicon devices made with standard semiconductor tooling in a 300-mm foundry environment.

Er³⁺ is implanted into CaWO₄, a material with non-polar site symmetry free of background rare earth ions, to realize reduced optical spectral diffusion in nanophotonic devices, representing a step towards making telecom band quantum repeater networks with single ions.

Oceans provide essential ecosystem services to human society, yet the climate impacts on blue capital have long been ignored. Incorporating the latest works on ocean science and economics, researchers show that accounting for the potential damage would almost double the social cost of carbon estimation.

Silicon-based spin qubits are promising candidates for a scalable quantum computer. Here the authors demonstrate the violation of Bell’s inequality in gate-defined quantum dots in silicon, marking a significant advancement that showcases the maturity of this platform.

Isotope engineering of silicon carbide leads to control of nuclear spins associated with single divacancy centres and extended electron spin coherence.

Fault-tolerant circuits for the control of a logical qubit encoded in 13 trapped ion qubits through a Bacon–Shor quantum error correction code are demonstrated.

Individual electrons trapped on the surface of solid neon can operate as charge qubits with very long coherence times.

HIV-induced disruption of the lung molecular clock promotes inflammation and emphysematous remodeling, highlighting circadian dysregulation as a driver of HIV associated COPD.

CMOS-based circuits can be integrated with silicon-based spin qubits and can be controlled at milli-kelvin temperatures, which can potentially help scale up these systems.

Recent advancements have enabled quantum control and measurement of mechanical resonators. Here the authors demonstrate quantum entanglement between two mechanical resonators on separate substrates by sharing one and two quanta of energy, followed by quantum measurement of these entangled states.

Individually addressed rare earth atoms in solid crystals are an emerging platform for quantum information processing. Here the authors demonstrate a key requirement, by realizing single-shot, quantum non-demolition measurements of the spin of single Er³⁺ ions in Y₂SiO₅ crystals with nearly 95% fidelity.

Deterministic generation of photonic multi-partite entangled states has previously been achieved for specific states using ad-hoc devices. Here, the authors present a single superconducting circuit device to deterministically generate a variety of states, namely W, GHZ, and cluster states.

Physical realizations of qubits are often vulnerable to leakage errors, where the system ends up outside the basis used to store quantum information. A leakage removal protocol can suppress the impact of leakage on quantum error-correcting codes.

Being able to perform qubit measurements within a quantum circuit and adapt to their outcome broadens the power of quantum computers. These mid-circuit measurements have now been used to implement a cryptographic proof of non-classical behaviour.

Universal quantum logic operations with fidelity exceeding 99%, approaching the threshold of fault tolerance, are realized in a scalable silicon device comprising an electron and two phosphorus nuclei, and a fidelity of 92.5% is obtained for a three-qubit entangled state.

In this paper, the authors show high-fidelity entanglement of 97% between remote trapped ion memories, mediated by time-bin photons. The time-bin nature of photons removes polarization errors and allows extension to higher dimensional qubit memories.

Long-range interactions have been predicted to enable a phase transition in one-dimensional systems. An experiment now validates this hypothesis in a trapped-ion quantum simulator by observing a finite-energy phase transition in one dimension.

Quantum bits defined in an Aharonov–Bohm ring are transported over long distances while being controlled with electric fields.

Safely opening university campuses has been a major challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, the authors describe a program of public health measures employed at a university in the United States which, combined with other non-pharmaceutical interventions, allowed the university to stay open in fall 2020 with limited evidence of transmission.

mRNA vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 also sensitize tumours to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Remote sensing, field survey and microbotanical analyses show that the pre-Columbian Casarabe culture in the Bolivian Amazon invested heavily in landscape engineering, constructing a complex system of drainage canals and newly documented savannah farm ponds.

Current action is insufficient to meet both the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals. Integrated model-based analysis shows that strong interventions across many dimensions, together with ambitious lifestyle change, are needed to enable real progress towards the UN Agenda 2030.

Openshaw and colleagues find myeloid inflammation and complement activation signatures in patients with long COVID who were previously hospitalized.

In a surface code consisting of four data and three ancilla qubits, repeated error detection is demonstrated. The lifetime and coherence time of the logical qubit are enhanced over those of any of the constituent qubits when no errors are detected.

An experimental study of a ‘dimeric’ single-molecule magnet—consisting of two coupled half-wheels of spin 7/2 each—provides evidence for quantum interference between the two sub-systems.

Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating is used to construct a chronology of Neanderthal disappearance, showing that Neanderthals overlapped with anatomically modern humans for between about 2,000 and 5,000 years.

A challenge for testing mechanisms of past climate change is the precise correlation of palaeoclimate records. Here, through climate modelling and the alignment of terrestrial, ice and marine ¹⁴C and ¹⁰Be records, the authors show that Southern Ocean freshwater hosing can trigger global change.

New radiocarbon dates for the Mesolithic cemetery of Yuzhniy Oleniy Ostrov suggest that the main use of the site spanned only a few centuries, centring on a northern hemisphere climatic downturn event.

Defect-based spin qubits offer a versatile platform for creating solid-state quantum devices. This Review is a guide for understanding the properties and applications of current spin defects, and provides a framework for designing, engineering and discovering new qubit candidates

Circadian rhythms control many physiological functions. During periods of feeding, pancreatic islets secrete insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis — a rhythmic process that is disturbed in people with diabetes. These authors show that pancreatic islets contain their own clock: they have self-sustained circadian oscillations of CLOCK and BMAL1 genes and proteins, which are vital for the regulation of circadian rhythms. Without this clock, a cascade of cellular failure and pathology initiates the onset of diabetes mellitus.

A teleported controlled-NOT gate is realized experimentally between two logical qubits implemented as superconducting cavity quantum memories, thus demonstrating an important tool for universal computation in a quantum modular architecture.

High-performance all-electrical control is a prerequisite for scalable silicon quantum computing. The switchable interaction between spins and orbital motion of electrons in silicon quantum dots now enables the electrical control of a spin qubit with high fidelity and speed, without the need for integrating a micromagnet.

Over the past 620,000 years, three distinct phases of climate variability in eastern Africa coincided with shifts in hominin evolution and dispersal, according to an analysis of environmental proxy records from a core collected in the Chew Bahir basin of Ethiopia.

Aromatase inhibitors are used to treat oestrogen receptor positive breast cancers but the molecular basis for the response of patients is unclear. Here, the authors use samples from an aromatase inhibitor clinical trial and show that tumours from poor responders have more mutations than good responders and also more frequently harbour p53 mutations.

Sea-level lowstands over the last 360,000 years strongly controlled the timing of eruptions of the Santorini Volcano, according to an analysis of tephras and sea-level records, as well as numerical modelling of the underlying magma chamber.

Using a model of time-restricted feeding in mice, Levine et al. show that the hepatic NADH cycle links nutrient state to whole-body energetics through the rhythmic regulation of SIRT1.

The supramammillary region (SuM) regulates arousal that reinforces and energizes behavioral interaction with the environment. Here the authors investigate how SuM neurons interact with medial septal neurons and ventral tegmental dopamine neurons to regulate motivation for environmental interaction.

Evolutionary modelling and expert review are applied to integrate experimentally supported knowledge accumulated in the Gene Ontology knowledgebase to create a draft human gene ‘functionome’.

The first genome sequence of an ancient human is reported. It comes from an approximately 4,000-year-old permafrost-preserved hair from a male from the first known culture to settle in Greenland. Functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assessment is used to assign possible phenotypic characteristics and high-confidence SNPs are compared to those of contemporary populations to find those most closely related to the individual.

The effect of CO₂ concentrations on ¹³C/¹²C ratios in C₃ plants, comprising most of Earth’s vegetation, is currently debated. Here, using ice core records and plant and animal fossils, Hare et al. find evidence for a pCO₂ effect, with implications for palaeoecology and plant responses to climate change.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a strong ethnic and gender bias. In a transancestral genetic association study, Langefeldet al. identify 24 novel regions associated with risk to lupus and propose a cumulative hits hypothesis for loci conferring risk to SLE.