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The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Doping is used in p-n junction devices to partially mitigate nonradiative recombination losses. Here, authors use phosphorus dopants to reduce charge carrier trapping and electronic band tails in polycrystalline CdSeTe, achieving improved ambipolar mobilities, fill factor and solar cell efficiency.

FeGe is an antiferromagnetic kagome metal with a rich magnetic and electronic phase diagram. Recently it was found that post-growth annealing of FeGe can suppress or induce charge density wave order depending on the annealing temperature. Here, Klemm, Siddique et al show the critical role that annealing induced Ge-vacancies and stacking faults play in the formation of charge density wave order in FeGe.

Nakada, Titus et al. show that p22^phox, a heterodimeric partner of NADPH oxidases, prevents sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) oxidation at Cys498 and its downregulation. This study suggests that therapeutic interventions to protect this residue may sustain SERCA2a expression in heart failure.

This study demonstrated that different types of HC-Pros from potyviruses exhibit varying capacities to inhibit HEN1. This results in distinct levels of autophagic AGO1 degradation, which in turn leads to differences in RNA silencing suppression efficiency.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

Declining oocyte quality contributes to age-related reduction in fertility; however, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here Liu et al. reveal that replenishing mevalonate pathway metabolites and supplementation with a natural compound, 8-isopentenyl flavone, improve aged oocyte quality by restoring cortical F-actin through CDC42 and RAC1 prenylation.

The mechanism underlying abnormal pain perception in autism remains unclear. Here authors show that histone lactylation decreases Dock4, an autism-related gene, to modulate heat pain by impairing Dynein-mediated Nav1.7 membrane trafficking, providing insights into thermosensor-independent mechanisms.

Desmocollin 2 (DSC2) binds to the EBV glycoprotein H/glycoprotein L complex and allows for virus entry to epithelial cells, which could be blocked by DSC2-specific antibodies. DSC2 allowed for virus entry independent of Ephrin receptor A2.

Acetylation is a posttranscriptional modification widely distributed across RNA types. Here, the authors uncover the role of tRNA ac⁴C12 for translational efficiency and tRNA quality control in both normal and heat stress conditions in mammalian cells.

Wei, Bai, Wang, and colleagues present HypnoS, a genetically-encoded fluorescent sensor for the real-time monitoring of intracellular adenosine (iAdo) in a cell type-specific manner. They monitor iAdo dynamics during seizures or sleep-wake cycles with high spatiotemporal resolution in the brain of living animals.

Post-translational modifications regulate tumorigenesis and cancer therapy sensitivity. Here, the authors show that N-glycosylation defective Interleukin-6 (deNG-IL6) switches downstream signalling pathway from JAK-STAT3 to SRC-YAP axis and lung cancer cells secrete deNG-IL6 to promote metastasis and tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance.

Gate-all-round field effect transistors (FETs) with channels fabricated from highly stacked nanowires can enhance the drive current of such devices for a fixed footprint. Chen, Liu, and colleagues fabricated FETs with as many as 16 highly stacked Ge_0.95Si_0.05 nanowires and 12 nanowires without parasitic channels using wet etching.

A Josephson junction with a weak link made from the chiral antiferromagnet Mn₃Ge can act as a spin-triplet supercurrent spin valve.

Accurate segmentation of ischemic stroke lesions from brain MRI is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment planning. Here, the authors present DeepISLES, an AI ensemble for stroke MRI analysis that outperforms previous methods and matches expert radiologist performance in identifying stroke lesions.

KtrAB complex is essential in K⁺ uptake for bacteria. Here authors illustrate the synergism of ATP and Na⁺ in activating K+ uptake of KtrAB from Bacillus subtilis and its gating mechanism, which may also shed light on other Na⁺-activated K⁺ channels.

Plasmonics is heralded as the perfect symbiosis of optics, which is quick, and electronics, which works on a small scale. A method for electrically detecting plasmon polaritons using a quantum dot removes the need for far-field optical techniques and could enable nanoscale integrated circuits.

Chiral amides are important structure in many natural products and pharmaceuticals, yet their efficient synthesis from simple amide feedstock remains challenge due to its weak Lewis basicity. Here, the authors report the enantioselective synthesis of chiral amides by N-alkylation of primary amides via Rh-catalyzed carbene N–H insertion reaction.

Here the authors developed on-chip microresonators with a remarkable Q-factor of 38 million and demonstrated on-chip Brillouin lasing in the mid-infrared. These results highlight opportunities to create more compact and efficient platforms for molecular science.

R9AP is a key receptor for entry of Epstein–Barr virus into human epithelial and B cells, and interacts directly with the viral glycoprotein gH/gL complex to mediate virus–host membrane fusion.

The unique structure and mechanism of chanoclavine synthase (EasC), a haem catalase that uses superoxide for substrate transformation in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis, are revealed in this study, challenging established catalase mechanisms.

The complete biosynthetic pathway of Prim-O-Glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-Methylvisamminoside in Saposhnikovia divaricata is resolved and their de novo biosynthesis is reconstructed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The evolutionary mechanisms of furochromone biosynthesis among Apiaceae plants is further analyzed.

Topological side surface, characterization of a weak topological insulator (WTI), has rarely been investigated. Here, Zhang et al. visualize a quasi-one dimensional, spin-momentum locked band on the side surface of the WTI candidate ZrTe₅, and manipulate the bulk band gap by strain.

The study by Fu and colleagues presents a ferritin-adaptor platform for vaccine development, featuring a rabies virus vaccine candidate that enhances antigen stability and provides potent, durable protection after a single-dose administration.

The Mpemba effect is an archetype for various anomalous relaxation phenomena. Here, the authors experimentally study a quantum version of the Mpemba effect in a single trapped ion system, where relaxation is exponentially accelerated by removing the excitation of the slowest decaying mode. This phenomenon, seen in Markovian open quantum systems containing Liouvillian exceptional points, indicates a link between the Mpemba effect and non-Hermitian physics.

The growth of stanene on bismuth telluride has been achieved using molecular beam epitaxy. Photoemission spectroscopy and theoretical calculations are used to investigate the effects of the substrate on the electronic properties of the Sn layers.

Although quantum fluctuations of the spins occur on a local scale, they can have a macroscopic impact on the properties of magnets. Here, the authors observe the macroscopic influence of magnetic quantum fluctuations on the dielectric properties of a multiferroic oxide.

Viruses can cause Colony Collapse Disorder, leading to large losses of honeybee hives globally. In this study, the authors solve capsid structures of honeybee-infecting Lake Sinai viruses and identify distinct features, which advances understanding of viral dynamics, assembly and infection mechanisms.

Vinca alkaloids, tubulin-binding agents that impair microtubule growth, are widely used in cancer treatment. Here, the authors show that resistance to these drugs is due to Hepatoma up-regulated protein (HURP) competitively binding to the same site on tubulin, countering the drug’s effects.

The authors cloned anti-NMDAR (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor) monoclonal antibodies from the immune B cells of persons with autoimmune encephalitis and revealed their precise binding epitopes on NMDARs and the pathological mechanism underlying the downregulation of synaptic function.

Cancer mutations in histone H3 cause genome instability, but the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, the authors show in a plant model that the oncohistone H3.1K27M disrupts the TSK/TONSL-H3.1 DNA repair pathway.

Yeast helicase Prp28 promotes the first step of spliceosome remodeling. By placing a photoactivatable unnatural amino acid in Prp28, the authors capture Prp28 in action revealing its dynamic interactions and cofactor Npl3.

Diatomic C₂ is an elusive species that has only been indirectly observed in the gas phase. It had previously been stabilized in the condensed phase using two ligands, but now a monoligated L→C₂ complex has been prepared with a bulky phosphine ligand (L) bearing two imidazolidin-2-iminato groups. Reactivity studies and theoretical quantum chemical analysis point to the C₂ moiety having a dicarbene character.

Sulfation of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate dictates their abilities to promote axon growth via regulating the binding to the phosphatase PTPRσ and the consequences on phosphorylation of the cortactin component of the autophagy machinery.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are clinically heterogeneous, with varying degrees of aggressiveness. Here, the authors describe the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of 117 GISTs from 105 patients; they find four molecular subtypes as well as recurrent inactivating YLPM1 mutations in high-risk/metastatic GIST.

Here, the authors report a study of the infrared optoelectronic properties of twisted 2D black phosphorus (BP), showing photoluminescence emission from optical transitions that are symmetry-forbidden in BP and spontaneous electronic polarization generating interfacial bulk photovoltaic effect.

Poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is a well-known regulatory event in eukaryotes but has not yet been observed in bacteria. Here, the authors solve the structure of a bacterial PAR-glycohydrolase and provide evidence for a prokaryotic PARylation machinery involved in the response to genotoxic stress.

Solar flow batteries (SFBs) can convert, store and release intermittent solar energy but have been built with complex multi-junction solar cells. Here an efficient and stable SFB is shown with single-junction GaAs solar cells via rational potential match modeling and operating condition optimization.

VARP is bound to endosomes and functions as a protein:protein interaction platform. Here, the authors present the NMR structure of the complex between the retromer subunit VPS29 and a VARP Zn-fingernail microdomain that is structurally distinct from Zn-fingers and further show that mutations, which abolish VPS29:VARP binding, inhibit trafficking from endosomes to the cell surface.

Poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET) is a widely used plastic which accumulates in the environment with detrimental consequences. Here the authors report crystal structures of a PET-hydrolyzing enzyme from the microbe Ideonella sakaiensis bound to substrate and product analogs, and suggest a catalytic mechanism for its PET-degrading activity.

Bi₂O₂Se is a promising 2D semiconductor with high electron mobility and native high-k dielectric layers, but its p-type doping remains challenging. Here, the authors report a low-temperature substitutional doping method to fabricate 2D Bi₂O₂Se p-n junctions and p-type transistors

This study reports the horizontal gene transfer of CSP genes from bacteria to Triticeae, promoting the adaptation and spread of wheat through enhanced drought tolerance and photosynthetic efficiency.

Serine metabolism is essential for leukemogenesis and stemness in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here the authors show that targeting IGF2BP3 disrupts the serine synthesis pathway in AML cells in an RNA N⁶-Methyladenosine modification dependent manner, sensitizing AML cells to serine and glycine deprivation.