Search

The authors show that the presence of strong ocean internal tides in the South China Sea suppresses tropical cyclone intensification, mitigating their impacts on the highly populated surrounding regions.

To forge a strong climate accord in Paris, nations must agree on a common goal in everyone's self-interest, say David J. C. MacKay and colleagues.

The extent to which policy-induced changes in food demand patterns help address environmental and health challenges remains poorly understood. Using a survey-based, randomized controlled experiment with almost 6,000 respondents from the United Kingdom, this study assesses the impacts on food purchases, greenhouse gas emissions and dietary health of applying carbon and/or health taxes, information provision and a combination of both tax and information strategies.

Trencher and colleagues investigate the twenty companies making the largest purchases of offsets from the voluntary carbon market from 2020 to 2023. They find that 87% of the purchased offsets carry a high risk of not providing real and additional emissions reductions. Further, most offsets do not meet industry standards regarding age and country of implementation. The findings reinforce concerns that the voluntary carbon market is failing to support effective climate mitigation.

African swine fever (ASF) is diminishing pork production in East Asia, especially China, but the global economic costs of ASF are unclear. Mason-D’Croz et al. model the effect of Chinese ASF outbreak scenarios on the global pork market, predicting pork, beef and poultry price increases and a decline in per capita calorie intake in China.

Data on the nutrient content of almost 3,000 aquatic animal-source foods is combined with a food-systems model to show that an increase in aquatic-food production could reduce the inadequate intake of most nutrients.

Recycling China’s end-of-life trucks promises 44 billion United States dollars and reduces carbon emissions by 58 million metric tons by 2050, according to a multi-factor future projection modeling approach

Global marine fish harvest increased over the 20th century, reaching a peak in the 1990s. Here, Galbraith and colleagues analyse a model combining both ecological and economic drivers to weigh the factors most likely to contribute to long-term changes in fish harvests.

The authors previously developed a mouse model ABab-A2 transduced with complete human TCR gene loci and HLA-A*02:01, termed ABab-A2 mice. Here the authors introduce a complete HLA-I haplotype into ABab-A2 mice and make the ABab-I mice, which manifest higher peripheral CD8 counts, broader TCR repertoire and stronger epitope response compared to ABab-A2 mice.

A pore-modulated pyrolysis reactor that enables catalyst-free and energy-efficient upcycling of plastic waste is demonstrated. The graded-pore structure imposes molecular-weight-dependent transport barriers, establishing a gating effect that enhances product selectivity and yields aviation fuel precursor (C₈–C₁₈) with high efficiency.

In the light of nine Earth System Processes (ESPs) and the corresponding planetary boundaries, here the authors assessed the global environmental impact of a global carbon pricing in a multi-boundary world. They show that a global carbon tax would relieve pressure on most ESPs and it is therefore stronger in a multi-boundary world than when considering climate change in isolation.

This Review will help physicians to make the best case-by-case decisions when treating the three most common types of primary glomerulonephritis that progress to end-stage renal disease—membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and IgA nephropathy. The authors systematically assess the benefits of reducing proteinuria in each of these diseases, and then place these benefits in the context of the early and late adverse effects of currently available therapies.

Price fluctuations associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have been key determinants of food security in the recent past. A comparison of monthly retail prices in 181 countries from January 2019 to June 2021 reveals which regions and food items have been most affected.

Here the authors apply machine learning approaches to Alzheimer’s genetics, confirm known associations and suggest novel risk loci. These methods demonstrate predictive power comparable to traditional approaches, while also offering potential new insights beyond standard genetic analyses.

In the summer, low-income households in the Arizona, US wait 4 - 7 °F (2.6–4.2 °C) longer than high-income households to turn on their AC units to save money on energy bills. This energy limiting behavior indicates a hidden form of energy poverty.

This analysis looks at the impacts and outcomes from installing solar arrays on agricultural land, finding that these ‘agrisolar’ projects can displace food production but simultaneously provide economic security and offset water use.

Nanotechnology has the potential to increase the net revenue from agricultural products and alleviate the environmental impact of conventional fertilizers and pesticides. Further improving the efficiency of nanoformulations is necessary for their wide adoption.

The study shows that India’s agricultural subsidies have driven significant groundwater depletion by incentivizing overproduction of water-intensive crops like rice and wheat. This impact is evident in both Punjab’s alluvial aquifers and Madhya Pradesh’s hard rock aquifers.

Finite momentum superconducting pairing refers to a class of unconventional superconducting states where Cooper pairs acquire a non-zero momentum. Here the authors report a new superconducting state in bulk 4Hb-TaS₂, where magnetic fields induce finite momentum pairing via magnetoelectric coupling.

Wide-ranging estimates of the social cost of carbon limit its usefulness in setting carbon prices. Near-term to net zero is an alternative modelling approach that focuses on the prices, combined with other policies, needed to set an economy on a pathway consistent with a net-zero emissions target.

Dairy manure spread on crop fields leads to air and water pollution that could be mitigated through manure processing systems that capture methane to produce electricity. A recent US policy opening wholesale electricity markets to distributed energy resource systems, creates incentives to deploy manure processing systems.

To eliminate transport emissions by 2050, low carbon fuels must rapidly replace fossil fuels. The authors model these technological transitions for each transport mode and evaluate economy-wide tradeoffs of varied levels of transport decarbonization.

Fair finance in the energy sector is modelled in five climate–energy–economy models. The results show that convergence costs of capital could improve energy availability, affordability and sustainability in developing countries, thereby increasing the international equity of the energy transition.

Research on Drosophila neurons shows links between the need to sleep and aerobic metabolism, indicating that the pressure to sleep may have a mitochondrial origin.

With a sustainable carbohydrate core, the proposed polyamide plastic design here can compete with fossil-based alternative in terms of both performance and cost.

Methanotrophic bacteria can capture waste greenhouse gas emissions and feed fish, reducing the need for wild captures. An economic analysis shows great potential for this approach to replace aquaculture feed at competitive prices.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

An analysis proposes the social value of offsets to measure the amount of carbon that should be stored in temporary and risky offsets to compensate one ton of CO₂ emissions.

Modelled supply curves show that, with policy reform and technological innovation, the production of food from the sea may increase sustainably, perhaps supplying 25% of the increase in demand for meat products by 2050.

Considering equivalent emissions and reliability attributes for fossil- and electricity-based hydrogen production solutions, results suggest grid-tied electricity-based options can be lowest cost by the next decade if natural gas leakage is high for the USA.

Land conservation remains one of the biggest tools to try to maintain biodiversity targets. This study examines how strict conservation goals of 30% and 50% of global land area could impact human health and food security.

Dormant liver stages of Plasmodium vivax complicate malaria elimination efforts by causing relapses that obscure the efficacy of antimalarial treatments. Here, the authors develop a high-throughput amplicon sequencing assay to reconstruct P. vivax lineages, demonstrating its capacity for geospatial infection tracking, and distinguishing recurrent malaria caused by new infections versus untreated dormant liver stages.

This study reports on biologically sourced polymuconate polymers with weakened C–C backbone bonds, designed for closed-loop chemical recycling to monomers. Synthesized via free-radical polymerization, these materials achieve tunable mechanical properties comparable to those of commercial plastics. A techno-economic analysis shows that recycling significantly reduces costs and environmental impacts, enhancing the competitiveness of these polymers in the sustainable plastics market.

Agricultural sectors receive US$600 billion per year in government support, providing incentives for GHG emission-intensive production. Here, the authors show that removing this support will not reduce global GHG emissions by much; rather it will need to be radically redirected to contribute to climate change mitigation.

Climate change and economic inequality are critical issues, and we still lack understanding of the interaction between them. Multi-model analysis shows how climate policies compatible with the goals of the Paris Agreement, including revenue-redistribution schemes, can reduce inequality—particularly in the short and medium terms.

Crop production declines more sharply in the Sudanian and Sudano-Sahelian zones of Burkina Faso under warming of 1.5 °C and 3.5 °C, but relative welfare losses are greater for households in the Sahelian zone, according to an analysis of future model projections

Social responses to changes can trigger further crises. This study uses historical data and finds society’s failures to respond to climate change in China’s Hexi Corridor amplified problems.

A study demonstrates a public generator of random numbers based on device-independent techniques, with the randomness being fully auditable and traceable.