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Bacteriocins include antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that often disrupt the cytoplasmic membrane. Here, the authors describe TMcin (transmembrane helix-containing bacteriocin), a class of AMPs that forms large, structured pores in the target membrane.

An analysis of archival data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey finds that star-forming satellite galaxies are relatively more common along the minor axis of central galaxies owing to the effect of black hole feedback.

This analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from 421 multiple myeloma samples elucidates the timing of key genomic events and shows associations between the timing of 1q gain and clinical outcome.

Using the well-established foundry-based lithium niobate nanophotonics platform, a general electro-optic digital-to-analogue link with ultrahigh bandwidth (>150 Gb s⁻¹) and ultralow power consumption (0.058 pJ b⁻¹) is demonstrated, providing a direct, energy-efficient, high-speed and scalable solution for interfacing digital electronics and photonics.

Excised signal circles are circular DNA by-products of V(D)J recombination that form a complex with the V(D)J recombinase, and when increased in abundance, result in increased mutagenesis, causing adverse outcomes in cancer.

Li et al. discovered that the cytotoxic synthetic small molecule BRD1732 is directly ubiquitinated in cells. Ubiquitination of BRD1732 is E3 ligase dependent and leads to inhibition of proteasomal degradation.

To ensure that a machine learning model has learned the intended features, it can be useful to have an explanation of why a specific output was given. Slack et al. have created a conversational environment, based on language models and feature importance, which can interactively explore explanations with questions asked in natural language.

TARPs are tetraspanins that are claudin-like but regulate glutamate receptors. Here, the moieties that define TARP function and distinguish them from claudins are uncovered through cryo-EM, structure prediction, and electrophysiology.

The role of interspecific interactions in biodiversity–ecosystem stability relationships is unclear. Here the authors develop a theoretical approach and show that empirical diversity–stability relationships in grasslands are best explained by species-specific dynamics rather than by interspecific interactions.

A cross-sectional study from four African countries shows the importance of investigating the gut microbiome in previously under-represented populations and provides a framework for equitable microbiome research.

The Pine Island Glacier, a locus of ice loss from the modern West Antarctic Ice Sheet, had previously been stable since at least the mid-Holocene, according to records tracking ice extent based on radiocarbon and cosmogenic exposure dating.

A synthesizer that combines a fixed low-noise photonic oscillator and a direct digital synthesizer—and is based on components that can all be integrated on chip—can create microwave signals that are tunable with low noise.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza is an increasing global concern but its distribution in remote regions is not known. Here, the authors conduct an environmental influenza surveillance study in remote, uninhabited regions of the Global South by sampling fresh bird guano.

Lipoprotein uptake dependent on sulfated glycosaminoglycans linked to cell-surface proteoglycans is a key determinant of ferroptosis sensitivity in cancer.

A spatially resolved optical polarimetry technique is used to identify a three-state Potts-nematic order parameter in a triangular lattice antiferromagnetic material.

Landslide deposits are often interpreted as the consequence of precipitation. A millennial-scale record of landslides, inferred from river cobbles in the arid Andes, is instead consistent with earthquake triggering.

Utilizing a selenium-dependent enzyme, gut bacteria degrade uric acid via a previously unrecognized anaerobic pathway which gives them a competitive advantage in the gut.

Tools for diversifying genomic DNA in mammalian cells have long relied on base editors making C to T or A to G substitutions. Here, authors use RNA-guided DNA polymerases (EvolvR) to evolve mammalian cells using all twelve substitutions and show that nickase fidelity affects EvolvR’s mutation rates.

Here, the authors use a tapered optical fibre to create a dynamic, reversible strain in a suspended WSe₂ monolayer, and observe that dark excitons are funnelled to high-strain regions and are the principal participants in drift and diffusion at cryogenic temperatures.

A survey of black-grass occurrence and herbicide resistance on farms across the United Kingdom suggests that resistance drives weed density and that cyclical or combination herbicide application does not reduce resistance evolution.

Parker et al. recorded neural activity in V1 of freely moving mice and freely gazing marmosets. In both species, neurons respond to gaze shifts in a temporal sequence, such that new visual input is processed in a ‘coarse’ to ‘fine’ manner.

Head-fixation system is widely used in neuroscience research but has limitations in application due to restraint. Here the authors developed a magnetic voluntary head-fixation system that allows stable rat hippocampal imaging during complex behaviors.

Subsidies for coastal management and tax advantages for high-income property owners dampen the negative effects of climate risks on coastal property values. Without subsidies or tax advantages market prices better reflect climate risks, but coastal gentrification could accelerate.

Inhibition of haem synthesis is shown to lead to the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids in the brown adipose tissue of mice, which reduces UCP1 levels and impairs thermogenesis.

Structure-based drug discovery of cereblon (CRBN)-recruiting protein degraders has been to date challenging due to limitations with current constructs for recombinant protein expression. In this work, the authors design and validate a truncated CRBN construct, CRBNmidi, that enables crystallization and biophysical characterization of CRBN-binding ligands and degraders.

There is extensive research in the topochemistry of molecular systems at high pressure, although studies of binary gas mixtures are rarer. Here, the authors study a nitrogen/hydrogen mixture under pressure, identifying new van der Waals compounds and probing the room-temperature, high-pressure chemistry.

An atlas study of adipose tissue in people with obesity undergoing weight loss and their lean counterparts reveals that weight loss reduces cell senescence but cannot reverse all the metabolic problems caused by obesity.

In patients with advanced cancer, the development of brain metastasis (BM) often signals a worsening prognosis with limited therapeutic options. Here, the authors assemble a large, open-source neuroimaging dataset of BM and perform spatial and morphological analysis which they use to develop a framework for function-sparing brain radiotherapy design.

The dynamical phases of out-of-equilibrium Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer superconductors have been simulated using cold atoms levitated inside an optical cavity.

CRISPR–Cas9-based saturation genome editing in a humanized mouse embryonic stem cell line was used for comprehensive functional characterization of single nucleotide variants in a region of BRCA2, and shows good agreement with existing variant classifications and high predictive power.

Imaging highly exothermic reactions in high spatial and temporal resolution to understand their underlying reaction mechanisms is challenging. Here, the authors develop a high-speed microscopy/pyrometry imaging system to successfully observe reactive sintering in a nanothermite reaction in-operando.

Current understanding of Long COVID is limited, in part, due to lack of evidence from population-representative studies. Here, the authors analyse data from ten UK population-based studies and electronic health records, and find wide variation in the frequency of Long COVID between studies but some consistent risk factors.

Numerous fluorescent Zn²⁺ sensors are available but most are unsuitable to detect physiological dynamics of cytosolic Zn²⁺. In this study, the authors present a genetically encoded sensor with sub-nanomolar sensitivity and show that Zn^2 + is released from endolysosomal vesicles via TRPML1 in neurons.

Erosion in the Washington Cascades Mountains was dominated by glacier activity until the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, when fluvial incision and mass wasting became the dominant drivers. An analysis of millennial-scale rates of denudation in the range suggest erosion is sensitive both to spatial variations in precipitation and inherited topography.

Experiments with cold atoms in optical cavities are often limited to discontinuous operation due to reloading requirements. Now, continuous lasing is demonstrated with strontium atoms in a ring cavity, stabilized by atom loss mechanisms.

A cluster-randomized controlled trial found that using an electronic system for symptom monitoring of patient-reported outcomes during treatment led to sustained improvements in emergency visits, quality of life and delayed deterioration of physical function in patients with metastatic cancer.

A neuron-specific isoform of PGC-1α is regulated independently from other isoforms and is repressed with age. Here, the authors show PGC-1α is central in a growth and metabolism networks directly relevant to brain aging.

Jeppesen, Sanchez et al. identify blebbisomes as large membrane-enclosed vesicles containing organelles and secreted by cells. Blebbisomes can both secrete and internalize exosomes and microvesicles.

Large language models show potential in suggesting common functions for a gene set.

Current models of active vision emphasize the role of intracortical feedback projections. The authors report that thalamocortical projections, in particular from the higher order lateral posterior nucleus, provide an alternative pathway by which contextual sensory and motor information, as well as putative visuomotor error signals, are conveyed to primary visual cortex.

Inspired by motile plant structures that respond passively to external stimuli, in this work the authors validate biobased cellulosic materials and bioinspired 4D-printed hygromorphic bilayers for a weather-responsive, energy-autonomous shading system with a demonstration at an architectural scale.

As large-scale neurodevelopmental MRI studies gain prominence, the authors identify tradeoffs between sample size and quality control that can dramatically affect results, and they evaluate a range of approaches to mitigate risk for error.

Current clinical methods for assessing kidney function report an aggregate value for both kidneys, and lack the ability to say which kidney is dysfunctioning or even to localize the dysfunction to a region of renal pathology. Here, the authors show that an injectable dye can be used to map kidney function by magnetic resonance imaging, offering a safer alternative than existing dyes for the spatial evaluation of kidney health.

Most spatial navigation studies assume a linear map of space. This study reports that neural representations of space follow non-linear hyperbolic coordinates. These representations also expand with experience along a maximally informative limit.

Diverse microbial polyphenol transformations in thawing permafrost refute the theory that these compounds stabilize soil carbon across Arctic landscapes.

We present the complete 62,460,029-base-pair sequence of a human Y chromosome from the HG002 genome (T2T-Y) that corrects multiple errors in GRCh38-Y and adds over 30 million base pairs of sequence to the reference.

New archaeological and ancient genomic data from humans in Papua New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago shed light on regional human admixture and genetic isolation over the past 2,500 years.