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The mediobasal hypothalamus plays a central role in integrating nutritional and sex-related signals to regulate energy homeostasis. Here, through snRNA-seq of the mediobasal hypothalamus in female and male mice across nutritional states, authors show that Agrp neurons are nutrition-sensitive, DA neurons exhibit transcriptional differences in a sex-dependent manner, and KNDy neurons are responsive to both sex and nutrition.

Seed traits are critical for soybean yield and quality. Here, the authors report a NF-YA transcription factor gene SW14 regulates soybean seed traits without affecting other agronomic traits by inhibiting GmLEC1-mediated transcriptional activation.

A quasi-melting transfer technique enables clean, sequential transfer of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride monolayers from germanium substrates under vacuum conditions. Controlled lattice alignment yields atomically precise, wrinkle-free superlattices with tunable stacking and twist angles, enabling scalable fabrication of high-quality 2D heterostructures for advanced electronics.

Zhang et al. show that the activation of RIPK1 is suppressed by acetylhypusination in a spermidine-dependent manner. Disruption of this axis contributes to RIPK1-mediated vascular pathology to promote insulin resistance and diabetic kidney pathology.

Negative regulator of thermotolerance 1 (NAT1) is identified as a negative regulator of thermotolerance in rice through the NAT1–bHLH110–CER1/CER1L module. Modifying NAT1 by targeted gene editing increases wax deposition and enhances thermotolerance in rice.

Nonlinear optical micropolarimetry and atomistic Monte Carlo simulations of monolayer NiPS₃ evidence a Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless phase that, with decreasing temperature, gives way to long-range order consistent with a six-state clock model.

Operating a photonic chip that integrates quantum dots with lithium niobate resonators at an exceptional point allows for spontaneous single-photon emission with an exceptional-point-induced transparency window, a squared-Lorentzian line shape or a Fano-asymmetric line shape.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthetic enzymes have been reported to be oncogenic. Here, the authors show that NAPRT, a key enzyme in the deamidated NAD biosynthesis pathway, functions as a suppressor of colon inflammation and tumorigenesis by maintaining DNA repair capability.

Tunnel oxide passivating contact silicon solar cells are a promising next-generation photovoltaic technology. Yang et al. engineer the front and back contact, further increasing the power conversion efficiency to 26.66%.

Combining metabolic theory with global datasets, Li et al. show that root water content is a stronger predictor of root growth traits than the widely considered root nitrogen, better reflecting fast acquisition strategies and leaf–root alignment.

Gao and colleagues describe the characterization of an erythrocyte–anti-PD1 conjugate, reporting antitumor activity in preclinical models and results of a first-in-human clinical trial in persons with advanced solid tumors resistant to anti-PD(L)1.

Researchers report a solid that is amorphous in two dimensions but crystalline in the third, made of stacked disordered atomic layers. This shows that crystalline and amorphous order can coexist within a single material depending on direction.

Here the authors combine clinical and metabolomics data to identify distinct metabotypes of pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The results provide information regarding heterogeneity of MASLD presentation, but require validation in independent cohorts.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Plasmas can unlock unconventional reactivity for established catalytic systems, but understanding the resulting mechanistic changes is a complex endeavour. Here in situ characterization techniques allow us to rationalize the promotional role of non-thermal plasma on the catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol on Cu–Zn systems.

A comprehensive atlas platform integrating transcriptional and epigenetic data enables more precise engineering of T cell states, accelerating the rational design of more effective cellular immunotherapies.

An extreme barocaloric effect in NH₄SCN aqueous solutions is enabled by pressure-induced dissolution and precipitation, but without using a separate heat-transfer liquid.

MiRNAs and natural antisense transcripts can both regulate gene expression and plant development. Here, the authors show that cis-NATs to MIR398 repress processing of pri-miR398 and that cis-NAT expression is downregulated at high temperatures, contributing to miR398 mediated thermotolerance responses.

Femtosecond X-ray solution scattering reveals how solvent environments direct the outcome of ultrafast roaming reactions in bromoform, determining whether transient hot isomers undergo rapid solvolysis or rearrange into long-lived isomeric products.

Producing valuable hydrocarbons electrochemically from carbon monoxide (CO) is an energy-efficient pathway, but reliance on costly pure CO as a feedstock limits its economic viability. This article shows that abundant CO-rich syngas can be directly used to synthesize ethylene.

The relocalization of the vacuolar calcium pump Cdt1 to the plasma membrane contributes to fluconazole adaptation in Candida auris.

Subcellular compartmentalization of the glycolytic enzyme PFKM regulates cell fate and metabolic switch during skeletal muscle differentiation.

The lowest-frequency gravitational wave background may be shaped by supermassive black hole binaries that scatter nearby stars or dark matter. In this case, the NANOGrav 15-year dataset favours dense galactic centres with 10⁶ solar masses per cubic parsec.

Induction of hypothermia during hibernation/torpor enables certain mammals to survive under extreme conditions. Here, the authors show that the natural product P57 induces hypothermia by targeting pyridoxal kinase and has a potential application in therapeutic hypothermia.

The existence of a long-lived, prethermal regime in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, is observed using a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

Predicting the function of enzymes remains difficult and current computational methods require improvement. Now EnzymeCAGE, a geometric deep learning model, has been developed to more accurately predict the functions of uncharacterized enzymes and reconstruct biosynthetic pathways.

Wang et al. introduce MicroSyn-X, a synthetic X-ray data generation framework that overcomes data scarcity in miniature medical devices, enabling robust deep learning-based tracking and real-time robotic navigation in challenging surgical settings.

Seed size plays an important role in determining soybean yield. Here, the authors report GmSW17, encoding a homolog of Arabidopsis UBP22 that plays a role in deubiquitination, as a positive regulator of soybean seed width and seed weight through inhibition of the G1-to-S transition by interacting with GmSGF11 and GmENY2.

EuCo₂Al₉ is identified as a metallic spin supersolid with high thermal conductivity, exhibiting coexisting spin orders, strong quantum fluctuations and a giant magnetocaloric effect enabling efficient sub-Kelvin refrigeration.

Mechanically reconfigurable mechanisms offer a cost-effective, low-complexity approach to build high-capacity multiplexing wavefront modulation devices, yet current studies achieve insufficient channel numbers for practical applications due to limited mechanical transformations and suboptimal optimization models. Here, authors propose a diffractive magic cube network to address this challenge.

Mitochondrial superoxide production is shown to preserve nuclear envelope integrity by controlling lipid peroxidation, with impact on nuclear and organismal ageing in C. elegans.

The S44 locus is a unique quadripartite (RID, RIR, RIA and RIS) distorter–restorer system governing reproductive isolation between O. longistaminata and other rice lineages, and knockout of RID can universally overcome S44-mediated reproductive barriers in the AA genome.

CrPS₄, a 2D van der Waals A-type antiferromagnet, is shown to exhibit ideal characteristics of Stoner–Wohlfarth antiferromagnets, such as ferromagnet-like binary switching rather than layer-by-layer flipping as in other 2D A-type antiferromagnets.

Native crystallographic defects are often introduced during synthesis of battery materials, but has been overlooked. Here, using in situ synchrotron X-ray probes and electron microscopy, the authors have revealed their adverse effect during battery operation.

Therapies combining chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown limited efficacy in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here the authors report the results of a pilot phase 1 trial of neoadjuvant modified Folfirinox plus nivolumab in borderline-resectable PDAC, including safety, efficacy and immunological correlates.

A human spinal cord organoid model can replicate two different types of spinal cord injury and can be used as an in vitro system to evaluate therapeutics and inflammatory reactions to treatments.

This study reports that genomic signatures composed of the loss of pluripotency inhibitors, expansion of pluripotency activators and maintenance of an epigenetically permissive state contribute to the plantlet formation in Kalanchoe.

Combining generative AI and one round of wet lab evolution generates high-affinity RNA aptamers.

In this study, the authors perform a comprehensive series of analyses to assess the role of disruptions in brain state dynamics in major depressive disorder, using data from the UK Biobank.

The vacuum process is scalable and solvent free, yet all-vacuum-deposited perovskite solar cells still trail solution-processed counterparts. Facet-directed co-evaporation yields (100)-oriented mixed-halide wide-bandgap films for efficient, stable single-junction cells and perovskite–silicon tandem cells.

The inferior heterojunction quality and misaligned energy levels at the buffer/absorber layer hinders development of antimony selenosulfide solar cells. Here, authors introduce low-work-function tantalum pentoxide dielectric layer for field-effect passivation, achieving device efficiency of 10.95%.

SLC6A6 localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and mediates mitochondrial taurine import, which sustains mitochondrial tRNA modifications and cell growth.

The depiction of crop exposure to heat stress is fundamental for reliably quantifying extreme-heat-induced yield loss and crop failure. Using more than 130,000 subnational yield records, this study estimated spatially explicit extreme degree day thresholds for maize and soybean across major Northern Hemisphere breadbaskets, revealing strong geographic heterogeneity.

The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory demonstrates evidence of spin correlations in \(\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\) hyperon pairs inherited from virtual spin-correlated strange quark–antiquark pairs during QCD confinement.

National parochialism is the tendency to cooperate more with people of the same nation. In a 42-nations study, the authors show that national parochialism is a pervasive phenomenon, present to a similar degree across all the studied nations, and occurs both when decisions are private or public.

Schizophrenia risk at 1p36.23 lacked functional insight. Here, the authors identify two enhancer variants that upregulate RERE, which disrupts neurogenesis and synaptic function by regulating Grin2a, linking genetic risk to neuronal development and excitatory signaling.

Two-dimensional boridene supports neuromorphic optoelectronic computing through anomalous electrical anisotropy. Its low-temperature deposition supports back-end-of-line-compatible fabrication of twelve-inch wafer arrays.

A general method for synthesizing hierarchical zeolites with open porosity is developed. After loading gold nanoclusters on the open-porosity TS-1 zeolite, intimate contact between gold and titanium active sites is formed, leading to high activity and stability for the direct epoxidation of propylene with H₂ and O₂.