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Value-based decision making involves choosing from multiple options with different values. The authors identify a neural mechanism that directly transforms absolute values to categorical choices within the superior colliculus and which supports value-based decision making critical for real-world economic behaviours.

High-resolution computed tomography is used to reconstruct and analyse fossils of the herbivorous tritylodontid Polistodon and a newly named morganucodontid species called Camurocondylus, providing key insights into the evolution of the mammalian jaw joint.

A new network approach maps every street block in sub-Saharan Africa using high-resolution building and street data, pinpointing infrastructure needs and revealing development gradients from neighbourhoods to cities and rural areas.

Border and colleagues present FUSION, an open-source, web-based platform designed to integrate spatial omics with histological context. FUSION enables intuitive, interactive exploration of cellular and tissue-level features across diverse organs and assay types.

Operating a self-driving lab is challenging without coding skills. Here, authors introduce IvoryOS, a drag-and-drop web interface for cross-platform workflow design and management, to enhance accessibility and transferability of self-driving labs.

Widely cited studies have claimed that musical training is associated with enhanced neural encoding for sound at early stages of the auditory system. Results from this large-scale multisite study do not support this earlier claim.

In a preregistered experiment, participants were randomly assigned to receive information about the endorsement of Joe Biden by the scientific journal Nature during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results suggest that this endorsement affected polarized trust in scientific expertise and caused large reductions in stated trust in Nature among Trump supporters.

CLEM-Reg automates the three-dimensional alignment of volume correlative light and electron microscopy datasets by leveraging probabilistic point cloud registration techniques for fast and accurate results across diverse datasets.

The authors introduce the Neurolipid Atlas, a dynamic resource for the community to gain insight into lipid alterations in neurodegenerative disease, and they leverage the platform to show how cholesterol alterations in astrocytes can dysregulate neuroinflammatory pathways in Alzheimer disease.

It is often assumed that neuronal responses to value are linear, in part because this is important for rational economic decision-making. Here, the authors find, in two male macaques, that value is encoded along a curved manifold in the prefrontal cortex and that this curvature imposes bounds on rational decision-making.

Clarke et al. identify chromatin factor ZNF280A, which is recruited to damaged chromatin where it promotes long-range DNA-end resection. Loss of ZNF280A is linked to genome instability in patients with 22q11.2 distal deletion syndrome.

Neuroinflammation is understudied in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Ma et al. found that clonally expanded CD8 + T cells accumulate in the brains of PD patients and interact with specific astrocytic support cells, which may fuel harmful neuroinflammation.

How mitochondria positioning dynamically adapts to changes in cell shape is poorly understood. Here, Bradbury et al. show that cell-size-dependent trafficking of TRAK2 mRNA underpins the cell-size-scaling of mitochondria distribution and activity.

Why do we decide (or not) to follow others' choices? The authors used fMRI as participants made choices about gambles while among others. Neural signals revealed increased perceived value of the gambles chosen by others, predicted conformity, and explain why we tend to align with others most like ourselves.

The HADDOCK2.4 web server is a modeling platform that can integrate experimental and theoretical data for guiding 3D prediction of biomolecular complexes.

Using experimental and archival data, Johnson and Proudfoot show that when an idea is novel, disagreement on how valuable it is grows. People may see the higher variability in value evaluation as a sign of risk and be less willing to invest in such an idea.

Video microscopy is key in studying cell migration, but accomplishing this in a high-throughput manner is still challenging. Here, the authors present an array microscope that can track the movements of thousands of individual cells simultaneously, and that can be used for drug screening studies.

A modelling study suggests that Mars had a desert-like climate with intermittent liquid-water oases regulated by a negative feedback among solar luminosity, liquid water and carbonate formation.

New research finds that a randomized energy audit intervention reduced metal processing firms’ unit cost of electricity by 8%, primarily by informing managers that they were overpaying for electricity, and had an insignificant net effect on electricity use and associated greenhouse gas emissions.

Vast volumes of textile waste are generated by consumers in wealthy cities. Without the knowledge, infrastructure or resources to manage the intensifying material flows of post-consumer textiles locally, textile waste is overwhelmingly exported to the Global South. Vladimirova et al. analyze local ecosystems of actors managing post-consumer textiles in nine Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development cities to understand the power dynamics and systemic lock-ins that are hindering more circular and sufficient use of textile resources and propose policies for municipalities to address this problem.

Nellie is a comprehensive automated pipeline for studying the structure and intracellular dynamics of diverse organelles that offers accurate segmentation, tracking and feature extraction on both 2D and 3D data.

We present a protocol for the analysis of polar and ionic metabolites by using anion-exchange chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (AEC-MS/MS) with an untargeted or semi-targeted workflow for the identification of metabolites in biological samples.

Targeting CD8⁺ T cell exhaustion is a strategy to enhance immune checkpoint inhibition and to fight cancer. Here the authors show a NRF2-dependent role for the prostaglandin I₂ receptor PTGIR in controlling T cell exhaustion.

This study discovers primitive mantle olivines in the Chang’e-6 lunar soils from the Moon’s far side, shedding new light on the Moon’s origin and evolutionary processes.

Protein lipidation is challenging to analyze on the proteome level. This protocol describes metabolic incorporation of lipid probes and their capture via click chemistry, allowing in-gel fluorescence visualization or mass spectrometry analysis.

Dietary protein restriction in healthy, lean men elicits an increased energy intake to maintain body weight, which is driven, at least in part, by FGF21-mediated alterations to adipose tissue mitochondria.

The role of Lgr5+ cells in esophageal development has been unclear. Here, authors identify Lgr5+ cells in the developing mouse esophagus and reveal their crucial role in epithelial and muscle development.

A dataset including 29 countries and life-cycle assessment highlights the environmental impact of school plate food waste. A sustainable food education framework is presented to support early intervention and wasteful behavioural changes.

Untargeted mass spectrometry (MS) produces complex, multidimensional data. The MZmine open-source project enables processing of spectral data from various MS platforms, e.g., liquid chromatography–MS, gas chromatography–MS, MS–imaging and ion mobility spectrometry–MS, and is specialized for metabolomics.

Dietary shifts can be hard to implement and their impacts can differ across population groups. Using dietary intake data from more than 7,000 US children and adults, this study identifies relatively simple dietary substitutions from higher- to lower-carbon foods, estimating the impact of these substitutions on greenhouse gas emissions and overall dietary healthfulness.

The gut microbiome is causally linked to body weight in preclinical models. Here, in a controlled feeding study, the authors show that greater delivery of gut-microbiome fermentable dietary substrates to the colon leads to a net negative energy balance that is accompanied by robust microbial and host responses.

Electron magnetic circular dichroism gives element-selective information on spin and orbital magnetic moments, but its low intensity has limited its use for nanoscale studies. Using a statistical analysis method, Muto et al.show that this can be overcome with nanometre-sized electron beams.

ZNF524 is a newly described protein that binds to telomeres, the ends of linear chromosomes. ZNF524 promotes the presence of two members of the shelterin complex, TRF2/RAP1, at telomeres, and prevents genomic instability.

Rare variants (RVs) significantly impact human diseases. Here, the authors conducted a comprehensive cross-tissue analysis of alternative polyadenylation outliers (aOutliers) and discovered a unique class of aOutliers-associated RVs with a large effect on disease.

BEHAV3D is a 3D live imaging platform for analyzing engineered T cell behavior and tumor response. This provides insights into the mode of action of cellular immunotherapy, capturing heterogeneity within and between tumors during treatment response.

Food choices greatly affect global GHG emissions, but the contributions of different groups, across or within countries, are highly unequal. Adopting the global planetary health diet could yield co-benefits by reducing both emissions and inequality among populations.

Global analyses of breast cancer incidence and mortality show that only seven high-income countries are currently meeting the targets of the World Health Organization Global Breast Cancer Initiative in reducing the rate of breast cancer mortality by 2.5% per year, but cases and deaths are increasing and disproportionately affecting countries with low Human Development Index.

Telomeres, tandem repeats at the ends of linear chromosomes, have evolved to deal with the end replication and end protection. Using a proteomics approach, the authors identify TEBP-1 and TEBP-2, two double-stranded binding proteins which together are required for fertility. Despite being paralogs, they have distinct individual effects on telomere dynamics; TEBP-1 and TEBP-2 are part of a telomeric complex also containing POT-1.

This protocol describes how to use sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation in combination with fluorescence optical detection for the analysis of mass, shape, size distribution, and binding constants of interacting proteins.