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Wang, Tang and colleagues develop the low-signal signed iterative random forest pipeline to investigate epistasis in the genetic control of cardiac hypertrophy, identifying epistatic variants near CCDC141, IGF1R, TTN and TNKS loci, and show that hypertrophy in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes is nonadditively influenced by interactions among CCDC141, TTN and IGF1R.

Light sheet microscopy using a scanned Bessel beam in combination with structured illumination or two-photon excitation reduces photobleaching and phototoxicity, improves axial resolution and allows isotropic three-dimensional imaging. The authors demonstrate performance of the method via fast volumetric subcellular imaging of several dynamic processes in single living cells.

The cryo-EM structure of Mycobacterium smegmatis arabinosyltransferase B EmbB involved in mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis provides insights into the substrate binding and reaction mechanism. Mapping of the ethambutol resistance associated mutations onto the structure suggests the location of the drug binding site.

Designing high performance RNA molecules is a unifying challenge across many areas of biotechnology research. Here, authors develop GARDN and SANDSTORM, a data-efficient generative AI framework for designing a diverse set of RNA molecules. These tools represent a promising addition to the sequence design toolkit that could be used in many domains.

Azole antifungals inhibit the ergosterol biosynthesis enzyme CYP51, but their effects on fungal viability and growth vary greatly among fungal species. Here, the authors provide evidence that the mode of action of azoles against Aspergillus fumigatus relies on accumulation of the CYP51 substrate eburicol, which exerts fungicidal effects by triggering cell-wall carbohydrate patch formation.

A new ice core from West Antarctica shows that, during the last ice age, abrupt Northern Hemisphere climate variations were followed two centuries later by a response in Antarctica, suggesting an oceanic propagation of the climate signal to the Southern Hemisphere high latitudes.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) usually metastasizes to the lungs. Here, the authors discover that SWI/SNF ATPase subunit SMARCA4 silencing of HLF regulates ccRCC lung metastasis by modulating the integration of collagen's mechanical cues with the actin cytoskeleton through leupaxin.

This Review highlights chip-scale superconducting coherent photon source technologies and their rich potential as an important integrated quantum hardware to advance quantum information processing and communication networks.

Insight into the algorithmic form and learning principles underlying cognitive maps in the hippocampus is provided.

The rise in highly pathogenic avian influenza cases elevates the risk of human-to-human transmission. Here, the authors develop an adjuvanted protein-based vaccine that elicits robust antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses in mice and non-human primates, suggesting its potential to induce protective immunity in humans.

Moiré patterns and flat bands usually occur in multilayer materials with a small interlayer twist angle, but this can cause detrimental lattice reconstruction. Now, flat bands are shown in a bilayer with large twist angle and structural rigidity.

The mantle lithosphere has thinned more than the crust beneath the Malawi Rift despite being melt-poor, according to seismic wave imaging; this suggests early melting of fusible mantle material.

Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.

We report superconductivity, in a limited region of displacement field and density, in 5.0° twisted bilayer WSe₂ with a maximum critical temperature of 426 mK, establishing that moiré flat-band superconductivity extends beyond graphene structures.

The role of microglia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is unclear. Here, the authors show that iPSC microglia from C9orf72-ALS patients are toxic to motor neurons and identify microglial MMP9 as a potential therapeutic target.

The poor stability of narrow bandgap lead-tin perovskites hinders their implementation in multi junction cells. Here, the authors reveal that device performance degradation is caused by an increase in either mobile ion or background hole density, depending on the hole transport material used.

Membranes made of metal-coated silicon nitride can be used to assemble van der Waals heterostructures without a polymer support layer, thus improving cleanliness and allowing assembly at more extreme temperature and vacuum conditions.

The RhoA GTPase binds to the EF hands of phospholipase Ce to regulate its function through a mechanism involving allostery and interfacial activation.

Re-examination of the presumed Cambrian fossil fish Anatolepis reveals previous misidentification of aglaspidid sensory structures as dentine, a vertebrate sensory tissue, showing it to be an arthropod, and shifting the origin of vertebrate hard tissues to the Middle Ordovician.

Activity recognition in live-cell imaging is laborious. Here, authors present, IVEA, a fully automated AI ImageJ plugin, that efficiently detects and classifies exocytosis events, from synaptic transmission to single-vesicle fusion, across cell types and imaging setups.

Observations of optical flares from AT2022tsd (the ‘Tasmanian Devil’) show that they have durations on the timescale of minutes, occur over a period of months, are highly energetic, are probably nonthermal and have supernova luminosities.

Synthesis of single-crystal complex-oxide films directly on silicon is difficult due to differing interfacial chemistry. Here, the authors demonstrate room-temperature integration of single-crystal lead zirconate titanate on to silicon to act as a gate insulator in a field-effect transistor.

Whole-genome sequences and field experiments focusing on the global invasive forage crop, Trifolium repens, show high levels of genetic variation across continents and parallel signatures of selection in five haploblocks.

All-electrical excitation of the hyperbolic phonon polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride by drifting charge carriers in nearby graphene results in electroluminescence at mid-infrared frequencies.

The authors demonstrate broadband terahertz emission from a two-dimensional van der Waals ferroelectric semiconductor, NbOI₂, that originates from its efficient optical rectification and apply it to realize in situ near-field terahertz spectroscopy.

ABACUS2 Förster resonance energy transfer biosensors allow an unparalleled view of abscisic acid accumulations and depletions in living plants. Well-watered roots accumulate abscisic acid in growing cells upon shoot dehydration and this is essential to maintain root growth under low humidity.

A combination of biochemistry in animal cell-free systems and genetics in yeast is revealing the molecular machinery of the secretory pathway of eukaryotes. Transporting vesicles have a simple coat structure and employ a general mechanism for fusion that is conserved in evolution.

An absence of sapropels in eastern Mediterranean sediments suggests an expansion of vegetation over a relatively humid North African landscape preceding the mid-Pliocene glaciation, potentially facilitating early human migration.

Black phosphorus (BP) is considered a promising van der Waals material for the realization of mid-infrared detectors. Here, the authors report the realization of flexible infrared imagers based on solution-processed BP photodiodes on thin plastic substrates, showing long term stability and mechanical robustness.

Here, a combined experiment-theory framework based on different nano-imaging techniques and first-principle calculations is used to analyse the shapes of moiré patterns in twisted van der Waals structures, enabling an accurate description of the coupling between the atomically thin layers.

Highly potent neutralizing nanobodies (Nbs) are of great interest as potential COVID-19 therapeutics. Here, the authors show that potent neutralizing Nbs targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are also effective against convergent variants of concern of the virus. They determine eight Nb-bound spike protein cryo-EM structures, classify the binding epitopes of the Nbs and discuss their neutralization mechanisms.

Understanding the chemistry of perovskite precursor solutions enables improved film optoelectronic properties, allowing the fabrication of multijunction solar cells achieving power conversion efficiencies beyond the radiative limit of single-junction cells.

Bilayer WSe₂ field-effect transistors with near ideal device characteristics can be created using transferred via contacts made from metal-embedded hexagonal boron nitride.

A method to label and visualize nascent RNA allows real-time study of transcriptional dynamics at single-cell resolution in vivo. The approach is used to study transcriptional repression of the SPX1 gene by phosphate in Arabidopsis roots.

A mismatch between quasi-Fermi level splitting and open-circuit voltage is detrimental to wide bandgap perovskite pin solar cells. Here, through theoretical and experimental approaches, the authors optimize n- and p-type interfaces to achieve open-circuit voltage of 1.29 V and T80 of 3500 h at 85 °C.

An RNA-binding protein on leukemia cells provides an effective target in mouse models.

Selvakumar, Clayton et al. use a porcine model of myocardial infarction and PSC-CM transplantation and identify atrial and pacemaker-like cardiomyocytes as the cause of engraftment arrhythmias and surface marker signatures to distinguish between arrhythmogenic and non-arrhythmogenic cardiomyocytes.

Impaired Aβ clearance in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects progression. Here, the authors show that CD14 + CD16+ monocytes carry Aβ in peripheral circulation and CSF in AD, suggesting a role in Aβ clearance.

T cells can use TCR on microvilli to interact with peptide-MHC (pMHC) complexes on antigen presenting cells. Here the authors characterise how T cells use microvilli to interrogate reconstituted membranes for pMHC complexes and how this is regulated by a balance between glycoproteins/glycocalyces that reduce detection, and the small adhesion protein CD2, which enhances detection.

Mesenchymal stromal cells singly coated with a soft conformal gel incorporating specific chemomechanical cues inhibit aberrant tissue remodelling in mice with fibrotic lung injury.

Crystal structures of the full-length VS ribozyme show a domain-swapped dimer that reveals potential mechanisms for cis and trans processing, and suggest convergent evolution in the active site motifs across multiple ribozymes.

The authors use high-speed AFM to study the interaction of yeast septin filaments with yeast lipid membranes, showing that septin is lipid phase selective and organizes into higher-order structures without the contribution of other cellular components.

Crystal structures of unprocessed and mature crRNA-bound LbaCas13a shed light upon catalytic residues involved in crRNA maturation and mechanisms blocking Cas13a nuclease activity before target-RNA binding.

Time-resolved cryo-EM captured transient intermediates during E. coli RNAP promoter melting, revealing conformational changes affecting stepwise transcription bubble opening. Results inform how DNA sequence controls bacterial transcription initiation.

Unconventional unidirectional magnetoresistance observed in the heterostructures of a topological semimetal (WTe₂) and a magnetic insulator (Cr₂Ge₂Te₆) enables the electrical read-out of the magnetic states of a perpendicularly polarized magnet through longitudinal resistance measurements.