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Using site-specific chemical crosslinking strategies, Ai, Tong and Deng et al. captured structural intermediates of ubiquitin E3 ligase RNF168-mediated H2A K13 and K15 monoubiquitination and adjacent dual monoubiquitination in the DNA damage repair response; the structural analysis revealed a helix-anchoring mechanism.

Glycosylated asparagine residues that mediate the function of the B7H3 protein are unclear. Here the authors identify the important N-glycosylation sites for B7H3 cell surface localization and T cell inhibition, followed by the development of N91/309 and N104/322 preferentially targeting monoclonal antibody manifesting enhanced antitumor immunity.

The formation of directional fibrous tissue bands, typical of liver fibrosis progression, might be induced by the tension of the hepatic stellate cells, as studied with an in vitro microfabricated model.

Electrolyte interactions critically govern battery performance yet lack precise design principles. The authors introduce interaction motif descriptors to design an electrolyte enabling 99.7% Li-metal Coulombic efficiency for 4.5 V batteries.

Low-frequency quasiperiodic oscillations in X-ray data are thought to trace the accretion flow in X-ray binaries. Here, the detection of 200 keV oscillations probes the innermost regions of MAXI J1820+070, revealing the precession of a small-scale jet.

H7N9 influenza A virus circulates in poultry but can also infect humans with often fatal outcome. Here, Chen et al. identify a novel nanobody that cross-reacts between H7N9 and human viruses H1N1 and H3N2 and protects mice from lethal challenge.

A gene-edited pig liver transplanted into a human recipient remains functional after 10 days and indicates that porcine organs could help meet the growing demand for liver transplants.

The authors leverage whole exome sequencing data to investigate protein-coding variants associated with alcohol consumption. Phenome-wide association analyses reveal that alcohol consumption-related genes are associated with brain white matter integrity and risk of digestive and neuropsychiatric diseases.

The authors image non-equilibrium exciton phase-transition dynamics in moiré superlattices, revealing how strong long-range dipolar repulsion freezes the motion of the Mott insulator over a timescale of tens of nanoseconds.

Balancing stretchability with electrical properties is a challenge for organic electrochemical transistors. Here, the authors develop an all-gel network structure for effective ion transport and stretchability.

Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) treats Parkinson’s disease effectively only at high frequencies. Authors show high- (not low-) frequency DBS desynchronizes GABA release and STN neuron firing, suggesting a therapeutic mechanism.

A new AI generative model leverages the use of synthetic images to effectively augment existing datasets, boosting performance across multiple medical applications

The use of biomarkers of ageing is crucial for investigating age-related processes. This Review discusses biomarkers of ageing and of ageing-associated physiological changes, at the cellular, tissue and organism levels in humans and non-human primates.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Using combined methods of modern chemical protein synthesis and structural biology, Ai et al. found a crosstalk mechanism of histone modifications, by which H2BK34ub stimulates the activity of the H3K79 methyltransferase Dot1L through inducing nucleosome distortion.

Properly characterising active sites in single atom catalysts is important for mechanistic understanding but remains difficult. Here the authors combine ¹⁷O solid-state NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations to probe the structures of Pt/CeO₂ single atom catalysts, gaining insights into their structure-activity relationships.

Despite many reports on nanoparticle-covalent organic frameworks (COF) composites, a universal strategy for the synthesis of monodisperse core-shell structured COF nanocomposites remains challenging. Here, the authors develop a strategy for interfacial growth of highly crystalline COFs on functional nanoparticles with abundant optical, electrical and magnetic properties.

Ren et al. generate a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that recognize distinct epitopes on the glycoprotein Gn and neutralize severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) by diverse mechanisms. One most potent mAb targeting the Gn domain I provides protection against lethal SFTSV infection in mice.

Evidence for the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate COPD is limited. Here, the authors show that long-term treatment with high-dose N-acetylcysteine neither significantly reduced the annual rate of total exacerbations nor improve lung function in patients with mild-tomoderate COPD.

Baculoviruses have been proposed as gene delivery vectors. Here, Huang et al. use a CRISPR screen to show that EXTL3 and NPC1 are novel host factors for Baculovirus transduction in mammalian cells.

Investigating cell heterogeneity and type-specific response is essential for improving crop resilience. Here, authors generate single-cell transcriptional landscape of maize roots in response to heat stress and reveal the relationship between the cortex and the heat tolerance.

A deep learning algorithm shows promising performance in predicting progression to diabetic retinopathy in patients, up to 5 years in advance, potentially providing support for medical treatment decisions and indications for personalized screening frequency in a real-world cohort.

2D high-κ dielectric materials remain highly sought-after for the future development of 2D electronics. Here, the authors report a 2D edge-seeded heteroepitaxial growth strategy to synthesize CaNb₂O₆ thin films with equivalent oxide thickness down to 0.7 nm and show their application for high-performance 2D MoS₂ transistors.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

The uterine stroma only fully differentiates postnatally, but how this is regulated remains unclear. Here they show that postnatal uterine stromal development is mediated at an epigenetic level by PRSET7, which represses interferon response genes.

Monitoring patients for the recurrence of cancer can be costly and it is important to devise the optimum strategy for a given cancer and population. Here, the authors use nasopharyngeal cancer as a model and show using patient data an optimal follow-up schedule to detect recurrence of the cancer.

Limitations in performance and stability of organic electrochemical transistors hinder their application in biosignal amplification. Here, the authors show that high-spin, hydrophilic conjugated polymers exhibit ambipolar charge transport properties and can capture and amplify diverse electrophysiological signals.

The authors defined a roadmap for investigating the genetic covariance between structural or functional brain phenotypes and risk for psychiatric disorders. Their proof-of-concept study using the largest available common variant data sets for schizophrenia and volumes of several (mainly subcortical) brain structures did not find evidence of genetic overlap.

The authors uncover the role of cellular Feimin in regulating exercise performance by modulating SLN-mediated muscle thermogenesis.

Exploring how aging compromises antitumor immunity, the authors reveal an age-related impairment of cytotoxic CD8⁺ T_RM cells in mouse tumor models and clinical samples. They implicate BFAR signaling and show that targeting BFAR restores T_RM generation and tumor control.

To successfully replicate and propagate, viruses hijack different components of the host cell machinery. Here, Zhou et al.identify the RNA-binding protein Fragile X mental retardation protein as a host factor involved in influenza A virus replication in host cells.

Controllable and reversible transmembrane transport is a fundamental challenge in building synthetic cells. Here, interfacial energy-mediated bulk transport across artificial cell membranes is developed to mimic a rudimentary form of endocytosis- and exocytosis-like behaviors, facilitating the shuttling of biomolecules such as enzyme substrates, ions and nucleic acids.

By recognizing double-stranded RNA, RIG-I is implicated in anti-viral immune responses, but also in cancer development and intestinal inflammation. Here the authors identify frameshift germline mutations of RIG-I, resulting in the generation of a circular RNA associated with increased susceptibility to colitis-associated colon cancer.

Propylene and propane have similar physicochemical properties, and thus their separation is challenging. Now, as an alternative to energy-intensive cryogenic distillation methods, a molecular sieving adsorbent with high propylene adsorption capacity has been shown to sieve propylene from propylene/propane mixtures to yield high-purity propylene.

In-vitro platforms for personalized cancer diagnosis is required high sensitivity. Here, the authors developed a digital microfluidic system for drug screening using primary tumor cells and established a working protocol for precision medicine.

The IRE1α-XBP1 signalling pathway is part of the ER stress response but has also been linked to glucose and lipid metabolism. Here the authors show that IRE1α in the liver acts as a nutrient-sensor, regulating the metabolic adaptation to fasting and a ketogenic diet by inducing PPARα expression.

Multi-omic analysis of 100 clear cell renal cell carcinomas identifies four transcriptomic subgroups (IM1–IM4). IM4 is a high-risk subtype characterized by specific metabolic changes and a loss of lipid droplets.

nip-Type tin-based perovskite solar cells have underperformed largely due to the metal oxide electron transport layers originally designed for lead-based devices. Here, authors employ metal chalcogenide as the electron transport layer, achieving enhanced efficiency up to 11.78% for stable devices.

A reference-quality genome assembly of hexaploid oat variety ‘Sanfensan’ and genome assemblies of its diploid and tetraploid Avena ancestors provide insights into the evolutionary history of allohexaploid oat.

Little is known about the long-term effectiveness of risk-based target-to-treat cholesterol-lowering interventions on cardiovascular risk. Here, the authors show that treat-to-target cholesterol-lowering interventions could exert an equivalent protective effect of statin therapeutic trials using data from a 29-year cohort study.