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This study presents a data-driven framework for the design of streamflow monitoring networks across various scales that improves hydrological predictions while also accommodating socio-environmental constraints.

Here the authors perform a trans expression quantitative trait locus meta-analysis study of over 3,700 people and link a USP18 variant to expression of 50 inflammation genes and lupus risk, highlighting how genetic regulation of immune responses drives autoimmune disease and informs new therapies.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome is characterized by premature aging with cardiovascular disease being the main cause of death. Here the authors show that inhibition of the NAT10 enzyme enhances cardiac function and fitness, and reduces age-related phenotypes in a mouse model of premature aging.

Measurements of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine in the caudate of conscious humans reveal a neurochemical boundary between patients with essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease based on serotonin release evoked by monetary offers.

Strain engineering can be used to control spin and optical properties of defect centers. Xue et al. report an all-optical method to reconfigure and increase the local strain of color centers in diamond, which, unlike previous approaches, does not require external fields or nanostructure modifications.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

The world is just enough.

This Perspective discusses essential considerations for how ecosystem restoration may influence spillover of zoonotic pathogens, and how such considerations may be integrated into restoration design.

Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase (ATR) is a rational radiosensitization target. This trial evaluates the combination of the ATR inhibitor, ceralasertib, with palliative radiotherapy in 27 patients with advanced solid tumors.

New field measurements and modeling show meltwater refreezing in Greenland’s bare ice may reduce runoff to surrounding oceans, highlighting a process climate models can incorporate for improved predictions of future sea-level rise.

The Global Flourishing Study provides a comprehensive view of the distribution and determinants of well-being by assessing domains such as health, happiness, meaning, character, relationships and financial security. Initial findings reveal significant variations in flourishing across countries and demographic groups, with factors such as age, marital status and religious service attendance showing strong associations with well-being.

The burgeoning field of dearomatization seeks to leverage the synthetic potential of aromatic molecules through diverse approaches. Here, the authors report an organometallic approach for the synthesis of polyheterocyclic compounds from benzene.

Widely cited studies have claimed that musical training is associated with enhanced neural encoding for sound at early stages of the auditory system. Results from this large-scale multisite study do not support this earlier claim.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Next-generation batteries will present different risks to conventional lithium-ion cells, emphasizing the need for efforts towards characterizing the abuse tolerance and hazards associated with next-generation battery materials over their life cycle and providing the data in the context of supporting affected professionals.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

A high-bandwidth neuromotor interface offers performant out-of-the-box generalization across people.

A study using iPhones and Apple Watches to track and analyze cognitive health over 18 months in more than 23,000 US adults demonstrates the feasibility of remote cognitive health monitoring and uncovers potential methods for early detection of cognitive decline.

Sera from vaccinated individuals and some monoclonal antibodies show a modest reduction in neutralizing activity against the B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2; but the E484K substitution leads to a considerable loss of neutralizing activity.

An interview to remember.

3D ovarian elasticity mapping reveals distinct spatial elasticity patterns in follicles and corpora lutea, age-related changes, and potential correlations with cellular phenotypes and matrix composition.

An expert-elicitation process identifies current methodological barriers for monitoring terrestrial biodiversity, and how technological and procedural development of robotic and autonomous systems may contribute to overcoming these challenges.

A remora-inspired mechanical underwater adhesive device adheres securely to a range of soft substrates and maintains performance under extreme pH and moisture conditions, with potential applications in biosensing and drug delivery.

As Nature Chemical Biology approaches its third decade we asked a collection of chemical biologists, “What do you think are the most exciting frontiers or the most needed developments in your main field of research?” — here is what they said.

Chronic infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of viral variants that show reduced susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies in an immunosuppressed individual treated with convalescent plasma.

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is increasingly used to train pathology foundation models. Here, the authors introduce a pathology benchmark set generated during standard clinical workflows that includes multiple cancer and disease types; then leverage it to assess the performance of multiple public SSL pathology foundation models and to provide best practices for model training and selection.

Bialowolski et al. analyse financial well-being across 22 countries using data from the Global Flourishing Study. They find that demographic factors (for example, age) and early-life conditions (for example, childhood finances) correlate with financial outcomes.

Detailed knowledge of the low-energy electronic structure is required to understand the Mott insulating phase of Ca₂RuO₄. Here, Sutter et al. provide directly the experimental band structure of the paramagnetic insulating phase of Ca₂RuO₄and unveil the electronic origin of its Mott phase.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Complete sequences of chromosomes telomere-to-telomere from chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, Bornean orangutan, Sumatran orangutan and siamang provide a comprehensive and valuable resource for future evolutionary comparisons.

A colour sensor array based on multilayer monolithically stacked lead halide perovskite thin-film photodetectors achieves higher quantum efficiency and superior colour accuracy compared to conventional filter-based image sensors.

A study of the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in England between September 2020 and June 2021 finds that interventions capable of containing previous variants were insufficient to stop the more transmissible Alpha and Delta variants.

A consensus cell type atlas for the fly brain provides both an intellectual framework and open-source toolchains for brain-scale comparative connectomics.

In a trial examining the effectiveness of an infant mental health service targeting birth and foster families of children aged 0–5 years, families were randomized to receive care from either a multidisciplinary infant mental health team according to the New Orleans Intervention Model or social work services as usual. No difference in the mental health of children was found between the two arms.

Literature produced inconsistent findings regarding the links between extreme weather events and climate policy support across regions, populations and events. This global study offers a holistic assessment of these relationships and highlights the role of subjective attribution.

Detecting early allopolyploidy events and understanding the specific subgenomic evolution contributing to the origin of adaptive innovations for species radiation are challenging. Here, the authors address these problems by analyzing nine newly assembled genomes of Salicaceae species from different genera.

GIANT, a genetically informed brain atlas, integrates genetic heritability with neuroanatomy. It shows strong neuroanatomical validity and surpasses traditional atlases in discovery power for brain imaging genomics.

X-ray free electron lasers are increasingly available for use in macromolecular structure determination. Here, the authors describe the successful use of selenium single-wavelength anomalous diffraction data to calculate experimentally derived phases.

Suspended and bedload sediment export from glaciers responds to different hydrogeomorphic processes. Understanding both processes is key for evaluating glaciers’ impacts on landscape evolution and sediment export as the climate warms.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Retirement plans.

In gastrointestinal stromal tumours early mutations in known genes are frequently followed by chromosome 14q deletion. Here the authors find mutations resulting in loss of MAX protein expression conserved between primary tumours and metastases in the same patients, suggesting thatMAXmutation is an early event.

This study finds that glaciers have existed in the Transantarctic Mountains for the past 60 million years, and that warm-based mountain glaciers were present in Antarctica long before ice sheets came to dominate the continent.

Cosmic rays flying through superconducting quantum devices create bursts of excitations that destroy qubit coherence. Rapid, spatially resolved measurements of qubit error rates make it possible to observe the evolution of the bursts across a chip.

Koster et al introduce a deep reinforcement learning (RL) mechanism designed to manage common-pool resources successfully encourages sustainable cooperation among human participants by dynamically adjusting resource allocations based on the current state of the resource pool. The RL-derived policy outperforms traditional allocation methods by balancing generosity when resources are abundant and applying temporary sanctions to discourage free-riding, ultimately maximizing social welfare and fairness.

A sensitive Breakthrough Listen search for technosignatures towards Proxima Centauri has resulted in a viable narrowband signal. The observational approach, using the Parkes Murriyang telescope, is described here, while the signal of interest is analysed in a companion paper by Sheikh et al.