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In a randomized controlled trial in individuals with persistent atrial fibrillation, an individualized ablation procedure, in which areas with abnormal electrophysiological characteristics—as detected by an AI algorithm—were targeted for ablation, led to improved efficacy for reducing arrhythmia recurrence at 12 months following the ablation procedure.

Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal molecular events defining Richter transformation from CLL, and highlight the potential of cell-free DNA for early detection.

Aldol condensation is an important reaction in polymer synthesis, but due to the lack of reliable analytical methods, direct evidence of the polymer microstructure and sequence has remained elusive. Here, the authors combine electrospray deposition and scanning tunnelling microscopy to image four n-type polymers at sub-monomer resolution, revealing and quantifying unexpected structural defects intrinsic to the aldol condensation process.

This study uncovered genetic associations with environmental sensitivity in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental traits in an international collaboration using data from more than 21,000 monozygotic twins—the largest genetic study of monozygotic twin differences to date.

Winnowmap2 enables better long-read mapping and more accurate variant calling in repetitive regions of the genome.

Genome-wide analyses identify 30 independent loci associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder, highlighting genetic overlap with other psychiatric disorders and implicating putative effector genes and cell types contributing to its etiology.

Wood is the main terrestrial biotic reservoir for long-term carbon sequestration. High-resolution cellular-based measurements of wood formation dynamics in coniferous forests in northeastern France suggest that woody biomass production lags stem-girth expansion by over a month

Different functional variants in ADH1B (and elsewhere) in Europeans and Africans strongly affect risk for alcohol dependence. Dependence only partly genetically correlates with consumption, with strong correlations to other psychiatric disorders.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) onsets in COVID-19 patients with manifestations similar to Kawasaki disease (KD). Here the author probe the peripheral blood transcriptome of MIS-C patients to find signatures related to natural killer (NK) cell activation and CD8+ T cell exhaustion that are shared with KD patients.

The sub-continental lithospheric mantle passively degasses volatiles to Earth’s surface, including from regions unaffected by volcanism, according to a study of helium and argon isotopes in young groundwater.

The electronic properties of graphene are spatially controlled from metallic to semiconducting by patterning steps into the underlying silicon carbide substrate. This bottom-up approach could be the basis for integrated graphene electronics.

Seismic imaging is used to show that the isotropic and anisotropic structure of the Earth's mantle is rotated beneath the East Pacific Rise. The segmentation of the rise crest between transform faults correlates with the inferred distribution of mantle melt and indicates that this skewing of asthenospheric upwelling and transport governs segmentation of the East Pacific rise and variations in the intensity of ridge crest processes.

A diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries provides health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.

The benefits and risks of nature to human health have been studied, however, robust empirical research on forest biodiversity and health outcomes is still lacking. Here the authors use a unique dataset from 164 European forest stands to explore the associations between forest types and well-being.

Whether multimorbidity accelerates brain Aβ deposition in humans remains largely unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that higher self-reported multimorbidity burden predicts increased brain Aβ accumulation rates in the ADNI cohort.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Sequence depth and read length determine the quality of genome assembly. Here, the authors leverage a set of PacBio reads to develop guidelines for sequencing and assembly of complex plant genomes in order to allocate finite resources using maize as an example.

A thermodynamic cycle is proposed that limits protein–ligand relative motion and boosts the efficiency of absolute binding-free-energy calculations four- to eightfold, without compromising theoretical rigor.

Chondrosarcomas are heterogenous tumours of the bone cartilage and have highly variable prognoses. Here, the authors perform a multi-omics analysis, revealing molecular features that can stratify clinical outcomes.

Carbonaceous chondrites are amongst the most chemically primitive solid materials in the Solar System. Here, the authors reports enrichments in heavier zinc isotopes in heated carbonaceous chondrites compared to the typical ranges for chondritic meteorites.

The capturing of high valent iron in a catalytic reaction is important but difficult task. Here, the authors report identification of a high-valent Fe(IV)-species with different spectroscopic tools such as Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy during the course of an oxygen evolving reaction.

Multi-resonant Au/Si particles exhibit unique photoluminescence spectra, enabling creation of physical unclonable functions with sub-diffraction-limited critical sizes. These findings pave the way for advanced anti-counterfeiting and cryptography.

Iron has been shown to be necessary for the activation and differentiation of CD8⁺ T cells. Here the authors investigate changes in CD8⁺ T cell metabolism in iron limiting conditions and find that aspartate is increased yet downstream nucleotide synthesis is suppressed and addition of exogenous aspartate partially rescues T cell function.

Uncultured open-ocean Asgard archaea can harvest light energy using rhodopsins and diverse hydroxylated carotenoid antennas.

In CHIP, somatic mutations in a hematopoietic stem cell lead to a clonal subpopulation of blood cells. Here, the authors perform a CHIP meta-EWAS to establish its epigenetic features and age-related outcomes.

Electrochemically induced stresses in battery electrodes leading to performance degradation are still poorly understood. In situ measurements show that stress scales proportionally with lithium intercalation rate and strain with capacity.

Carbon fluxes in the central Himalaya did not change after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake and its accompanying landslides, according to observations of riverine sediment and carbon fluxes over four monsoon seasons spanning the event.

Warming temperatures and interactions between plants are the main drivers of changes in Arctic plant communities in response to climate change, and there is no evidence of overall biotic homogenization.

Lu et al. created a human ocular outflow on-chip, composed of 3D Schlemm’s canal endothelium surrounded by trabecular meshwork and draining interstitial fluid, revealing ALK5/VEGFC signaling as a therapeutic target for steroid-induced glaucoma.

The current use of immune checkpoint inhibitors without chemotherapy on patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) has not proven useful. Here this group reports a phase 2 NIMBUS trial evaluating the efficacy/safety of nivolumab + low dose ipilimumab in 30 patients with hypermutated HER2-negative MBC.

Here the authors provide exploratory analyses of a clinical trial evaluating immunogenicity of inactivated and mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and show that CoronaVac primed groups have disparate T cell responses and nucleocapsid specific antibodies compared to BNT162b2 that may protect in the absence of robust neutralizing antibody responses.

Estimates from the Global Dietary Database indicated that 2.2 million new type 2 diabetes and 1.2 million new cardiovascular disease cases were attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages worldwide in 2020, with the highest burdens in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.

Avs proteins are bacterial anti-phage pattern recognition receptors evolutionarily related to eukaryotic NLRs. Here, Béchon et al show that a single bacterial Avs can recognize different phage proteins as a signature for infection, explaining the broad defensive range of Avs proteins.