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Limited whole genome sequencing (WGS) of Asian populations results in a lack of representative reference panels, hindering imputation of Asian ancestry-specific genetic variants. Here the authors use WGS data from 11,067 individuals across 17 Asian countries to create a new reference panel which shows improved imputation accuracy for South Asian populations.

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes interstitial pneumonia and viral replication in the lungs of transgenic mice that express a human version of ACE2, confirming the pathogenicity of the virus in this model.

Efficient catalysts for seawater electrolysis are crucial for sustainable hydrogen production but struggle with slow kinetics and low durability. Here, the authors report a molybdenum nitride catalyst that in situ generates ammonium groups, enhancing both performance and stability in natural seawater.

Cryo-electron and atomic force microscopy shed light on how fibrils of the protein tau, which accumulate in the brain of people with Alzheimer’s disease, can be disassembled by short peptides, providing a possible route towards developing treatments.

Earth-abundant TiO₂ is a promising negative electrode material for low-cost sodium-ion batteries. Here, authors show that ordered rocksalt NaTiO₂ nanograins are in situ formed by electrochemically cycling with Na⁺ ions in anatase TiO₂, which determines the pseudocapacitive high-rate capability.

An enhanced superconducting pairing temperature (T_g) has only been observed in single-layer FeSe interfaced with TiO_x system. Here, the authors construct a new interface composed of single-layer FeSe interfaced with LaFeO₃ showing a highest T_g of 80 K among all-known interfacial superconductors.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Synthetic routes to aminoglycosides are often long and rely upon the coupling of semisynthetically produced fragments. Now, an enantioselective, copper-catalysed hydroamination of benzene has been developed to enable access to the aminoglycoside antibiotic ribostamycin. This bottom-up strategy provides modular and expedient entry into the aminocyclitol class.

Polar skyrmions are a topological polarization texture. While they have now been detected in numerous material systems, near universally these have required careful strain engineering. Here, Xue, Zhang, Zheng, Tong, Wang and coauthors observe polar skyrmions in the van der Waals ferroelectric CuInP2S6, without strain-engineering.

Cycling of the sulfur compound DMSOP by dimethylsulfoniopropionate lyase enzymes in the most abundant marine bacteria, algae and fungi is diverse and prevalent in Earth’s oceans and sediments and probably impacts climate-active gas production.

Gold-nanoparticle-coated titania nanowire arrays subretinally implanted in blind mice and monkeys offer advantages in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity towards the restoration of visual function.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

The authors reported an interfacial composite design that accommodates high oxide fraction and large stretchability, providing implications for developing stretchable composites with enhanced optical, electrical, thermal, and magnetic properties.

Biobanks of genetic data have been primarily in European populations, which gives us an incomplete understanding of complex traits across populations. Here, the authors initiate the Westlake BioBank for Chinese (WBBC) pilot project with 4,535 whole genome sequences and 5,841 high-density genotypes from China, characterizing large-scale genomic variation in Chinese populations.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

A meta-transcriptomic analysis of the viromes of 2,438 mosquitoes of 81 species from across China identifies geographic hotspots of mosquito virus diversity, links between mosquito virome composition and host phylogeny, and a suggestion of long-distance mosquito dispersal.

2D Ta-based transition metal dichalcogenides have been predicted to host highly confined plasmons, but their observation has been lacking. Here, the authors report momentum-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy measurements of 2H-TaS₂ monolayers and bilayers, showing plasmon resonances with lateral confinement up to 300 and group velocity down to ~10⁻⁴c at large wave vectors.

This Perspective proposes a human rights-based governance framework for cross-border genomic data sharing, addressing limitations of data sovereignty approaches while balancing privacy, security and global research collaboration.

Visible light-induced glycosylation reactions are achieved by either photoactivating a photosensitizer or using a stoichiometric activator, while glycosylation via a photoactive glycosyl donor was so far not reported. In this study, the authors develop a photosensitizer free visible-light-mediated glycosylation approach using photoactive 2-glycosyloxy tropone as the donor, obtaining a wide range of O-glycosides or oligosaccharides.

Enzyme-bound ketyl radicals derived from thiamine diphosphate are selectively generated through single-electron oxidation by a photoexcited organic dye and shown to lead to enantioselective radical acylation reactions.

Here, authors show the behavioral function of two transcriptomic GABAergic neuron subtypes in the zona incerta by integrating single-nucleus sequencing, circuit mapping, and optogenetics, advancing our understanding of functional brain organization.

Controlling Li nucleation and growth is crucial to avoid dendrite formation. Here, Li₂S(111)@Cu is used as Li metal electrode substrate, where a substrate-dependent Li nucleation process and a facet-dependent growth mode are identified, enabling dense Li deposition and improved battery performance.

Directed activation of C–H bonds usually occurs through 5-membered metallacycles, which poses limitations of regiochemistry. Herein, the authors use a phosphine oxide-ligated Ni−Al bimetallic catalyst to enable β-C−H bond-involved hydroarylations of alkynes via a rare 7-membered nickelacycle.

Wildfires are becoming increasingly frequent in several regions around the world due to climate change, posing serious health risks, especially for respiratory diseases. This study examines the respiratory health risk and burden of wildfire-specific PM_2.5 pollution across eight countries and territories.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a leading cause of low back pain and disability worldwide. Here, Liu et. al find the loss of protein MFG-E8 from damaged nucleus pulposus tissue plays a role in IDD and design a glycan to enrich endogenous MFG-E8 for IDD treatment.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Together with a companion paper, the generation of a transcriptomic atlas for the mouse lemur and analyses of example cell types establish this animal as a molecularly tractable primate model organism.

Effective methodology for glycoconjugation of amines remains underdeveloped. Here the authors report an effective protocol that enables one-step chemical N-glycoconjugation of amines in high stereoselectivity under mild conditions, inspired by a biotransformation pathway of amine-containing drugs in vivo.

The authors investigate phonon behaviors of buckled two-dimensional GaN, determining the phonon dispersion of buckled two-dimensional GaN, revealing a larger phonon band gap compared to bulk GaN.

Together with an accompanying paper presenting a transcriptomic atlas of the mouse lemur, interrogation of the atlas provides a rich body of data to support the use of the organism as a model for primate biology and health.

By tuning the plasma frequency, Yu, Gao et al. develop an industrial-scale chemical vapour deposition system for uniform nanocrystalline silicon oxide coatings, enabling 26.41% efficiency in silicon heterojunction solar cells with copper electrodes.

An atomically thin high-κ gate dielectric of Bi₂SeO₅ can be formed via layer-by-layer oxidization of an underlying two-dimensional semiconductor, allowing high-performance field-effect transistors and inverters to be fabricated.

Understanding how copper nanoparticles evolve under electrochemical conditions is crucial for the development of selective CO₂ reduction electrocatalysts. Here the authors prepare well-defined nanocrystals and use advanced operando imaging and spectroscopic techniques to reveal the Cu–CO species-driven dynamic evolution of Cu electrodes.

The LHCb experiment at CERN has observed significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the beauty baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, thus demonstrating CP violation in baryon decays.

Cytology is commonly used for cervical cancer screening or triage. Here, the authors used deep learning to develop a liquid-based cytology screening approach to detect cervical cancer in both community and hospital-based settings.

Here, the authors provide evidence that SARS-CoV-2 N protein leads to autophagic degradation of Dicer, XPO5, SRSF3, and hnRNPA3, inducing DNA damage and proteotoxic stress, eventually causing pneumonia. The small-molecule drug PJ34 or anastrozole alleviates N protein-induced pneumonia.

Here the authors identify genetic loci for asthma in East Asians using multi-trait GWAS. A CD36 missense variant shows protective effects and is validated through multi-omics, offering insights into asthma mechanisms and precision therapy.

Understanding the atomic arrangement and binding nature of 2D materials with substrates is crucial to understand their properties and utilize their functions. Here, authors report that at high temperature graphene and α-Al₂O₃ substrate form a C-O-Al bond, having strong interactions, while interfacial structural relaxations of sapphire remain suppressed.

A graphene-nanopocket-protected pure Pt nanocatalyst has been reported for heavy-duty-vehicle fuel cells that deliver high power density, high efficiency and exceptional durability with >200,000-h projected lifetime.

Skyrmions are objects with whirled magnetization protected by their topology that can be created by different means, however, without control of their position. Here, the authors present a method exploiting x-rays to create skyrmions at the beam position allowing for creation of artificial skyrmion lattices.

This study reveals the structural basis of collagen processing by the KOGG complex, revealing how it catalyzes lysine hydroxylation and dual-glycosylation, essential for collagen folding and stability, with implications for collagen-related diseases.

Immune checkpoint blockade activates T cell immunity by reprogramming the STAT3 and STAT5 transcriptional pathways in dendritic cells, and STAT3 degradation is effective for treating tumours of multiple cancer types in mouse models.

The oxygen evolution reaction is crucial for renewable energy technologies but limited by low activity. Here, authors show that high-entropy alloys can enhance the oxygen evolution reaction by activating the lattice oxygen mechanism through multi-path electron transfer, particularly in nickel.

Cross-ancestry and sex-stratified genome-wide association analyses for 21 amygdala volumetric traits in East Asian and European individuals provide insight into the genetic architectures of amygdala and subnucleus volumes.

R9AP is a key receptor for entry of Epstein–Barr virus into human epithelial and B cells, and interacts directly with the viral glycoprotein gH/gL complex to mediate virus–host membrane fusion.

Cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of 3,414 brain imaging phenotypes in Chinese Han and white British participants identify autosomal and X-chromosomal associations in more diverse populations.

By introducing Ni dopants into monolayer Bi₂WO₆, Bi/O frustrated Lewis pairs, unsaturated W atoms, and Ni active units are formed. The authors show that these units facilitate oxygen species transfer and enhance photocatalytic toluene oxidation.

Polycyclic indolines are valuable skeletons in drug discovery. Here, the authors report an asymmetric dearomative [3 + 2] annulation of indoles with aminocyclopropanes to construct tricyclic indolines.

Chinese breast cancer patients have not been well represented in clinical sequencing studies. Here the authors analyse the mutational landscape of 1,134 Chinese breast cancer patients, finding actionable targets and a higher prevalence of p53 and Hippo pathway mutations compared to Western cohorts.