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NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

In this clinical trial, the authors demonstrate that recombinant gE-Fc Fusion Protein Vaccine LZ901 for herpes zoster induces superior cellular immunogenicity and exhibits a better safety profile than HZ/su in adults ≥50 years, supporting its potential as vaccine candidate.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Structure–activity cliffs and property uncertainties raise drug development costs. Here, authors propose a deep learning model capturing key functional groups tied to activity, offering insights into quantitative structure–activity relationships.

Maintaining electrode performance under high power is a major challenge for batteries. Here, authors develop a porous organic framework electrode that intermittently applies low currents to release trapped ions, enabling a repeatable capacity-refreshing strategy and over 60,000 cycles at 20 C-rate.

Dissipative self-assembly, which requires a continuous supply of fuel to maintain the assembled states far from equilibrium, is the foundation of biological systems but it remains a challenge to introduce light as fuel into artificial dissipative self-assemblies. Here, the authors report an artificial dissipative self-assembly system that is constructed from light-induced amphiphiles.

Desmodium styracifolium Polysaccharides attenuate nephrolithiasis-induced renal fibrosis by inhibiting CaOx deposition, delaying EMT, and suppressing TGF-β/Smad signaling, highlighting their potential as anti-fibrotic agents.

Growing biomass carbon stock in China between 2001 and 2020 is driven by conservation and anthropogenic expansion of woodland.

In a multicenter randomized phase 3 trial, stapokibart, a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets IL-4R alpha, significantly improved daily nasal and ocular symptom scores during the pollen phase in patients with moderate-to-severe seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) functions as a crucial bacterial second messenger to control diverse biological functions. Here, the authors show that c-di-GMP regulates Lactiplantibacillus plantarum intestinal colonization through MbpR, a WYL domain transcription factor that controls mucin-binding protein expression via binding coding DNA sequence.

Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in China. Here, the authors present results from a large sentinel surveillance scheme from 217 hospitals in all 31 provinces in mainland China, including ~150,000 patients with acute diarrhoea and covering years 2009-2018.

China operates a national surveillance program for acute respiratory infections and sampled over 200,000 patients between 2009–2019. Here, the authors present results from this program and describe patterns by age, pathogen type, presence of pneumonia, and season.

In cotton, a specialized glyoxalase I variant, SPG, has lost its glutathione-binding sites and organelle-targeting signal during its evolution to catalyze the aromatization of cyclic sesquiterpenes as part of the gossypol biosynthetic pathway.

Xu, Meng, St-Germain et al. report that S1P in HDL induces a calcium signalling cascade involving E-Syt1 that ultimately promotes the formation of contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane, as well as HDL-derived cholesterol transport.

Genome evolution of Allium genus and genomic basis underlying the pungency flavor formation remain poorly understood. Here, the authors assemble the genome of bunching onion and conduct population genetics analyses to reveal Allium genome evolution, flavor formation and domestication history.

Accidental ingestion of Pb-contaminated soils represents a major route of Pb exposure for humans. Here, the authors show an effective and straightforward approach of drinking cola beverages to reduce blood Pb levels following the ingestion of contaminated soils based on animal models data.

Limited whole genome sequencing (WGS) of Asian populations results in a lack of representative reference panels, hindering imputation of Asian ancestry-specific genetic variants. Here the authors use WGS data from 11,067 individuals across 17 Asian countries to create a new reference panel which shows improved imputation accuracy for South Asian populations.

Hrd1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in ER-associated degradation and MHC I turnover. Here the authors use T-cell-specific ko mice and a mouse model of multiple sclerosis to show that Hrd1 also drives pro-inflammatory T helper cell responses and contributes to pathogenesis of autoimmune disease.

Mechanotransduction channels play key roles in various sensory processes. Here, the authors identify the chloride channel ANOH-1/ANO1 as a core component of a mechanosensory channel complex, highlighting its evolutionary conservation.

Fluorinated greenhouse gas emissions from China have accelerated over the past three decades and are projected to increase further by 2060 without regulation, according to an up-to-date inventory of the fluorinated greenhouse gases most widely used in industry.

Epigenetics plays critical roles in controlling stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Here, Sun et al. show that H1 is intrinsically required in the regulation of germline stem cells in the Drosophilaovary by antagonizing MOF, a histone acetyltransferase specific for H4K16.

An annually resolved 3476-year tree-ring record from the Tibetan Plateau reveals severe 20^th century droughts and highlights the interplay between the Asian Monsoon and Westerlies. Droughts are often linked to the collapse of dynasties.

This study identified two dirigent proteins responsible for the biosynthesis of the two enantiomers of gossypol in cotton. Editing one of the dirigent proteins selectively removed the toxic (−)-gossypol in cotton seeds without affecting pest resistance.

Saturated α-alkyl aza-heterocycles are found in a wide array of bioactive molecules. Here, the authors disclosed a one-pot, catalytic enantioselective synthesis of pyrrolidine, piperidine and indolizidine alkaloids from amides and alkynes.

Platelets derive from megakaryocytes, which differentiate from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here, Qu et al show that platelet-derived microparticles carrying miR-1915-3p target HSPCs and promote megakaryopoiesis by suppressing RHOB expression levels.

Different methods are currently used to quantify nitrogen use efficiency. The comparison of three such methods based on real-world experiments shows the impact of indicator choice on results, while highlighting the importance of long-term observations.

Warming affects forest soil denitrification and nitrogen losses. The authors show that temperature enhances nitrous oxide and dinitrogen but varies by soil; temperature sensitivities are similar across soils but are higher for dinitrogen, suggesting complete denitrification in a warmer climate.

Ugi reactions are well known multicomponent reactions that allow the preparation of a variety of chemical compounds including peptides, heterocyclic compounds, or natural products. Here, the authors report enantioselective Ugi reactions that enable the synthesis of chiral α-acylamino amides and α-aminotetrazoles catalyzed by stereogenic-at-cobalt(III) complexes.

Alkyne hydroboration into vinylboronate esters is an important reaction, yet reaching high selectivity of targeted functional groups is challenging. Here, the authors develop dual-site copper clusters to achieve highly selective hydroboration.”

Here the authors show that a RalGAPα1-RalA signal nexus regulates calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes via the calcium pump SERCA2a, which plays a protective role to maintain cardiac function under pressure overload conditions.

NLRP3 inflammasomes trigger release of IL-1 to promote tissue injury. Here, Li et al identify a ZFYVE21-Rubicon-RNF34 (ZRR) signaling complex localizing to endosomes and modulating complement-mediated inflammasome activity in vitro and in vivo.

Photocontrollable luminescent molecular switches which combine good luminescence properties with a tunable range of wavelength transformation are rare. Here, the authors report a π-expanded photochromic molecular photoswitch which displays wide emission wavelength variation, high photoisomerization extent, and pure emission color.

Understanding the utility of SARS -CoV-2 vaccination platforms and strategies through the emerging pandemic and beyond are critical to understanding the efficacy of such interventions. Here the authors assess nasal delivery of an influenza virus based viral vector for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in a hamsters model and assess the induced immunity.