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Using pear as a study system, the biosynthetic pathway of acetophenones has been elucidated: naturally impaired side-chain shortening of aromatic 3-ketoacyl-CoAs leads them to undergo hydrolysis, followed by decarboxylation, to yield acetophenones.

Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering can be used to measure the spin current carried by magnons in the presence of temperature gradients across a magnetic insulator.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

Pan-cistrome of the maize leaf under well-watered and drought conditions profiled by haplotype-specific MOA-seq highlights the relevance of transcription factor binding QTLs for understanding phenotypic diversity in maize.

This study shows that epigenetic gene body DNA methylation regulates transcription and accounts for much of its variance in the Arabidopsis population, efficiently identifies genes regulating diverse traits and may facilitate local adaptation.

Extensive flat surfaces observed beneath the East Antarctic Ice Sheet margin were formed by fluvial erosion and have modulated the ice-sheet response to climate change, according to an analysis of radio-echo sounding data.

Cerebellar injury in early life can impair the development of motor and social behaviors. Here, the authors show that cerebellar cell types are differentially important for the acquisition of these behaviors in pups and adult mice.

Accorsi et al. show that the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata has eyes similar to humans and can fully regenerate them. They then developed genetic tools to establish these snails as a novel model system to study the mechanisms of eye regeneration

Why are some species widespread while others are found only in small, isolated areas? This study shows that species with narrow ranges, and thus higher extinction risk, are often island-restricted, poor dispersers, and have evolved relatively recently.

A new, nearly complete fossil skull of Vegavis from the James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula, provides insight into its feeding ecology and exhibits morphologies that support placement among waterfowl within crown-group birds.

Romer’s Gap describes the period with few known fossils when early tetrapods were becoming increasingly terrestrial. Here, five new species, three stem tetrapods and two stem amphibians, are described from a location in Scotland shedding light on the phylogeny and environment of this period.

Genetic background and oncogenic driver determines the genomic evolution and transcriptomics of mammary tumor metastasis.

Protein degraders are an emerging drug modality; however, their properties lie beyond typical drug-like space. Here the authors report optimisation via structure-based exit vector and linker design towards the VHL-recruiting PROTAC ACBI2, an orally bioavailable and selective degrader of SMARCA2.

Condensin-depleted mitotic chromosomes compartmentalize and form contacts among regulatory elements despite lacking transcription and most chromatin-associated factors. Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins are surprisingly dispensable for compartmentalizing constitutive heterochromatin.

In this work, authors show that the nucleoside prodrug obeldesivir has potent antiviral activity across respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) clinical isolates with a high resistance barrier. Once-daily obeldesivir treatment was efficacious against RSV in a non-human primate model.

In this pooled analysis, the authors evaluate the effects of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy across various dimensions of psychiatric symptoms in people with cancer-related distress.

This paper determines the oxygen fugacity of the Chang’e-6 basalts from the South Pole–Aitken (SPA) basin on the farside of the Moon. The results show that the mantle beneath the farside SPA basin is more reduced than that beneath the nearside, as determined by the Apollo and Chang’e-5 basalts.

TRPM4 is an ion channel associated with various genetic and cardiovascular disorders. The authors utilized cryo-EM and patch clamp experiments to determine the binding sites of potent and specific TRPM4 inhibitors driving further drug development targeting TRPM4.

Neonatal gyrated brains harbor an elaborate subventricular zone, termed the Arc, supporting cortical migratory streams of diverse interneurons.

Histone 3 lysine 79 is mono (me1), di (me2), or tri (me3) methylated by the methyltransferase DOT1L. Here the authors reveal a group of enhancers defined by H3K79me2/3 which regulates enhancer-promoter interactions and other key enhancer features in MLL-AF4 leukemia cells.

Alterations in the tumour suppressor genes STK11 and/or KEAP1 can identify patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer who are likely to benefit from combinations of PD-(L)1 and CTLA4 immune checkpoint inhibitors added to chemotherapy.

Here, the authors use ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy with a broadband white-light probe to simultaneously resolve interlayer charge transfer and interlayer exciton formation dynamics in a MoSe₂/WSe₂ heterostructure.

Recent studies have shown that energy transfer photoenzymes can be engineered to promote stereocontrolled [2 + 2] cycloadditions; however, existing systems rely on ultraviolet light and display limited photochemical efficiencies. A generation of thioxanthone-containing photoenzymes now harnesses visible light to drive challenging photochemical conversions with high efficiencies and selectivities.

Crystal engineering is a powerful process for assembling complex materials but tends to require organic building blocks, which can limit stability. Here, the authors use inorganic polyoxometalates to assemble an all-inorganic metamorphic framework that can be switched between eight distinct states.

Study shows PTSD predisposition shares distinct genes and genomic regions with several cardiovascular conditions. Here the findings reveal neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways, and repurposed drug targets that further the understanding of the comorbidity.

Multielectron quantum dots offer a promising platform for high-performance spin qubits; however, previous demonstrations have been limited to single-qubit operation. Here, the authors report a universal gate set and two-qubit Bell state tomography in a high-occupancy double quantum dot in silicon.

Genomic studies often lack representation from diverse populations, limiting equitable insights. Here, the authors show that the BIG Initiative captures extensive genetic diversity and reveals ancestry-linked health disparities in a community-based Mid-South cohort.

The ability to maintain blood stem cells (HSCs) in vitro would allow us to provide better therapies for blood diseases. Here, the authors report that polymer-organised extracellular proteins, coupled to soft environments mimicking bone marrow stiffness, allow stromal cells to maintain HSCs in vitro.

A burning plasma, a critical step towards self-sustaining fusion, is achieved at the US National Ignition Facility, with a subset of experiments demonstrating fusion self-heating beyond radiation and conduction losses.

The spin–orbit interaction and the two-dimensional honeycomb structure of iridium-based oxides are promising for exotic electronic states. Here, the authors find an iridium oxide with a three-dimensional structure that preserves the features of the honeycomb systems, creating new material possibilities.

Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is expressed in immune cells and microglia, where its role remains poorly understood. Here, the authors show that BTK modulates microglial neuroinflammatory pathways relevant to multiple sclerosis (MS) and report robust effects of BTK inhibition in human in vitro models and animal models of MS.

Itkin et al. identify a role for Fli-1 in hematopoietic stem cell activation during regenerative hematopoiesis. They show that Fli-1 coordinates hematopoietic stem cells to stimulate niche-derived Notch1 feedback signals for demand-needed hematopoietic cell output.

Higher-order chromatin structure is temporarily disrupted during mitosis. Here the authors show that loss of the architectural factor CTCF results in failure to form structural loops and leads to inappropriate cis-regulatory contacts and alterations of compartmental interactions after mitosis. Furthermore, they show global 3D architecture is set up without transcription, but that transcription contributes to proper gene domain formation.

A cross-ancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci, reveals putative causal genes, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as potential drug targets, and provides cross-ancestry integrative risk prediction.

The authors highlight the importance of kinetics in GPCR activation. Using solution NMR, they show that the transducer βarrestin1 and the β-arrestin1biased ligand ML314 kinetically tune the conformational ensemble of the neurotensin receptor 1.

The role of BRD4 and Mediator in regulating enhancer-promoter interactions is poorly understood. Here the authors find that treatment with BET inhibitors or pharmacological degradation of BRD4 disrupts transcription while having very little effect on enhancer-promoter interactions.

Discontinuous solid-solid phase transformations are crucial for battery electrode performance. Here, authors use operando Bragg Coherent Diffractive Imaging to visualize Li-rich phase nucleation and growth in LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ during discharge, revealing interface evolution driven by dislocations.

Truncation of exon 18 of FGFR2 (FGFR2^ΔE18) is a potent driver mutation in mice and humans, and FGFR-targeted therapy should be considered for patients with cancer expressing stable FGFR2^ΔE18 variants.

Here, advanced scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques are used to image the atomic structure at the interface between 2D MoS₂ and 3D Au nanoislands, revealing a moiré superlattice and illustrating the potential for (opto-)electronic moiré engineering at the 2D/3D interface.

An understanding of how quantum spin liquids arise in frustrated magnets at low temperatures remains elusive. Here the authors demonstrate a pressure-driven ferromagnetic transition out of a quantum spin liquid phase in the pyrochlore Yb₂Ti₂O₇, highlighting its proximity to a phase boundary.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide analyses identify 95 loci associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and implicate candidate genes, pathways and neurobiological systems underlying its pathophysiology.

The authors discovered a far distant genomic region containing multiple clusters of regulatory elements that drive coordinated Hoxa expression across chromatin topologically associating domains in cranial neural crest, and are required for patterning of facial structures.

Ice-core data show that extreme iceberg discharge events in the North Atlantic had no detectable impact on Greenland temperatures but are synchronous with abrupt acceleration of Antarctic warming.

Bahmani, Cha, Alavi, Dixit et al. evaluate an AI-facilitated precision medicine learning platform they built, Stanford Data Ocean. The platform, which provided 3594 costfree certification accesses across 93 countries, demonstrates positive training outcomes across bioinformatics topics for low and middle income learners.

Insertion of a tissue-invariant chromatin domain boundary into 16 ectopic loci leads to various structural phenotypes, which depend on local chromatin features, CTCF binding and transcriptional status.

Here the authors identify TNIP1 as a risk factor for a fatal neurodegenerative disorder and discover specific genetic loci associated with the three main subtypes of this disorder. The findings highlight distinct disease mechanisms, emphasizing the roles of immunity and the notch signaling pathway.

The dynamical axion quasiparticle, which is directly analogous to the hypothetical fundamental axion particle, is observed in two-dimensional MnBi₂Te₄, and has implications for quantum chromodynamics, cosmology and string theory.

Whether deep learning of echocardiograms can improve recognition of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) compared to clinical scores remains uncertain. Here the authors show that such a model would improve identification of HFpEF and patients at risk of adverse outcomes.

Psoriasis is a partially heritable skin disorder, the genetic basis of which is not fully understood. Here, the authors use genome-wide association meta-analysis to discover psoriasis susceptibility loci and genes, which encode existing and potential new drug targets.