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The PhenoSphere is a unique plant cultivation facility in which field-like environments can be simulated. Here, the authors find that a single season simulation is superior to an averaged season and to a climatized glasshouse cultivation to elicit field-like phenotypes evaluated in 11 maize lines.

This article presents structured illumination microscopy in deep tissue. With minor modifications to a two-photon microscope, the authors overcome scattering in dense biological samples, achieving 150 nm lateral resolution in depths down to 70 μm.

Simultaneous recordings were made of hundreds of neurons in the rat frontal cortex and striatum, showing that decision commitment involves a rapid, coordinated transition in dynamical regime and neural mode.

A modularized open-source pipeline for invasive brain signal decoding bridges the gap between closed-loop neuromodulation and clinical brain–computer interface approaches in a large patient cohort.

Stable and robust topological edge modes are observed at finite temperatures in an array of 100 programmable superconducting qubits because of emergent symmetries present in the prethermal regime of this system.

A new version of nanorate DNA sequencing, with an error rate lower than five errors per billion base pairs and compatible with whole-exome and targeted capture, enables epidemiological-scale studies of somatic mutation and selection and the generation of high-resolution selection maps across coding and non-coding sites for many genes.

Reconstruction of super resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) datasets typically relies upon commercial software. Here Müller et al.present an open-source ImageJ plugin to facilitate reconstruction of SR-SIM data from a broad range of microscopy platforms.

HistoPlexer, a deep learning model, generates multiplexed protein expression maps from H&E images, capturing tumour–immune cell interactions. It outperforms baselines, enhances immune subtyping and survival prediction and offers a cost-effective tool for precision oncology.

The hyper-diverse tropical forests of the Amazon store vast carbon stocks, but whether this diversity increases their resistance to future drought remains uncertain. This simulation study suggests that higher diversity in plant functional traits increases biomass resistance to both short- and long-term drought.

Sequential acquisition and image reconstruction in super-resolved structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) is time-consuming. Here the authors optimise both acquisition and reconstruction software to achieve multicolour SR-SIM at video frame-rates with reconstructed images displaying with only milliseconds delay during the experiment.

A two-step Bayesian model improves small area population estimates by integrating health campaign data or household surveys with incomplete satellite settlement maps. It reduces errors by up to 73%, offering a practical solution in regions where traditional methods face limitations.

The severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection varied over the course of the pandemic due to factors such as changes in variant characteristics and population immunity from previous infection or vaccination. Here, the authors estimate infection hospitalisation and infection fatality rates in England over time from the start of the pandemic until March 2023.

Secretory autophagy (SA) plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation-driven neurodegeneration, through SKA2 and FKBP5. SKA2 regulation of SA can inhibit IL-1β release. Its dysfunction leads to neurodegeneration, and is linked to Alzheimer’s disease.

SemanticLens is a tool that embeds artificial intelligence model components (such as neurons) into a searchable, human-understandable space. This enables automated auditing, validation of decisions and detection of problematic behaviours with minimal human oversight.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

SCIFER detects clonal selection in whole-genome sequencing data using a population genetics model. Applied to a range of somatic tissues, SCIFER quantifies stem cell dynamics and infers clonal ages and sizes without requiring knowledge of driver events.

The MICrONS mouse visual cortex dataset shows that neurons with similar response properties preferentially connect, a pattern that emerges within and across brain areas and layers, and independently emerges in artificial neural networks where these ‘like-to-like’ connections prove important for task performance.

Here, the authors develop a UV-compatible photonic integrated circuit for structured illumination microscopy on a conventional wide-field microscope. Operating at a wavelength of 360 nm, they generate switchable far-field fringe patterns, and demonstrate autofluorescence imaging of yeast cells.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Single stranded DNA analysis is of interest for a range of applications; however, natural folding of DNA can cause problems with this. Here, the authors report on the in silico analysis of graphene and hexagonal-boron-nitride structures for the stretching and unfolding of DNA to allow for analysis.

Year-round tracer data from the MOSAiC expedition reveal strong variability in Siberian matter dispersal along the Arctic Transpolar Drift, driven by shifting river inputs and ice–ocean exchange, underscoring complex dynamics in a changing Arctic

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Pixel crosstalk can significantly reduce the image resolution in standard and super-resolution light microscopy using sCMOS cameras up to 28%. The effect for different imaging modalities was evaluated for several wavelengths and image sensor types.

In a post-hoc analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) features from patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617 or cabazitaxel in the randomized phase 2 TheraP trial, low ctDNA levels at baseline were predictive of clinical benefit from [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617, and PTEN or ATM alterations were identified as potential biomarkers of response.

A high-bandwidth neuromotor interface offers performant out-of-the-box generalization across people.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of infectious disease and have unique molecular pathophysiology. Here the authors use host-microbe profiling to assess SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity in solid organ transplant recipients, showing enhanced viral abundance, impaired clearance, and increased expression of innate immunity genes.

CLPP-deficiency-driven mitochondrial dysfunction in brown adipose tissue leads to the accumulation of d-2-hydroxyglutarate, in turn promoting lipid-droplet enlargement by altering gene expression and epigenetically regulating nuclear stiffness.

The authors demonstrate deeply subwavelength light confinement in the terahertz spectral range by exploiting the strong light–matter coupling and hyperbolicity of phonon polaritons in hafnium-based dichalcogenides.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

Microplastics research is often based on commercial model particles. Here, the authors show that nominally identical particles may differ significantly in their properties and thus in their interactions with cells.

This study explores the relationship between telomere length and clonal hematopoiesis. Splicing factor and PPM1D gene mutations are more frequent in people with genetically predicted shorter telomere lengths, suggesting that these mutations protect against the consequences of telomere attrition.

The Li lab mapped molecularly distinct Purkinje cell (PC) subtypes in 3D and linked them to adult cerebellar architecture. They found that Foxp1/Foxp2 are essential for PC diversity and that Foxp1⁺ PCs are required for the formation of the cerebellar hemisphere.

Linking epigenetic marks to clinical outcomes promises insight into the underlying processes. Here, the authors introduce a statistical approach to estimate associations between a phenotype and all epigenetic probes jointly, and to estimate the proportion of variation captured by epigenetic effects.

Assessing brain aging heterogeneity in a cohort of 49,482 individuals from 11 studies, a generative model identifies five dominant patterns of brain atrophy, with specific associations with biomedical, lifestyle and genetic factors.

A large-scale multi-omics analysis reports oncogenic alterations that drive medulloblastoma progression, rather than initiation, and the findings show how single-cell technologies can be used for early detection and diagnosis of medulloblastoma.

Kim et al. show that nuclear pore complex (NPC) formation is strongly upregulated during a specific neurodevelopmental window. In neurons, torsinA is required for the maturation and normal localization of nascent NPCs, but not their density.

Here, using pattern-learning analyses of structural, functional, and diffusion brain scans in ~40,000 UK Biobank participants, the authors provide population-scale evidence that the default network is associated with perceived social isolation.

During early platelet spreading a novel F-actin structure forms, called the actin nodule. Here Poulter et al.demonstrate that actin nodule formation depends on WASp and the Arp2/3 complex, and using super-resolution microscopy they show that nodules bear a structural resemblance to podosomes.

Fine-scale geospatial mapping of overweight and wasting (two components of the double burden of malnutrition) in 105 LMICs shows that overweight has increased from 5.2% in 2000 to 6.0% in children under 5 in 2017. Although overall wasting decreased over the same period, most countries are not on track to meet the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025.

A study of the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in England between September 2020 and June 2021 finds that interventions capable of containing previous variants were insufficient to stop the more transmissible Alpha and Delta variants.

Mpox cases without known travel links to endemic countries began to be detected in the UK in mid-2022. In this study, the authors characterise the severity of mpox cases in the UK and estimate the overall infection hospitalisation risk at ~4%.

Influenza A H5N1 is an increasing concern in cattle herds in the United States. Here, the authors use mathematical modelling to estimate the size of the current epidemic, predict states at risk in the future, and highlight gaps in data collection.

The antisense oligonucleotide rugonersen has acceptable safety and tolerability in children with Angelman syndrome and shows partial normalization of electroencephalogram abnormalities and clinical improvements relative to natural history.

Climate change made 213 historical heatwaves reported over 2000–2023 more likely and more intense, to which each of the 180 carbon majors (fossil fuel and cement producers) substantially contributed.

The study advances the use of serological surveys to guide trachoma elimination program decisions and provides a way to set thresholds for whether or not to continue an intervention program.

This protocol describes sample-preparation strategies for correlative 3D cryo-structured illumination microscopy and cryo-soft X-ray tomography. The authors also provide a direct comparison and recommendations regarding the selection and use of fiducials for 3D correlation.

A general framework for incorporating and correcting for nonclassical electromagnetic phenomena in nanoscale systems is presented.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.